BIO 14 LEC - Evolution Flashcards
EVOLUTIONARY change (1) vs ONTOGENIC change (2) vs ECOLOGICAL change (2)
EVOLUTIONARY
- change in frequency of genes in populations THROUGH TIME
ONTOGENIC
- developmental change in an individual in its lifetime
- just “adaptation”, not evolution
ECOLOGICAL
- seasonal (dynamic) change in populations within its environment
- encompasses ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
- refers to the phenomenon of ____ ____ form one ____ community to _____
- in the process, the ____ environment may be ____ ____ by the ___ of the ____ ___ itself, such that the area becomes more ___ to ___ ____ of species and less _____ to the ___ _____
- orderly transition
- biotic community to another
- physical
- gradually modified
- growth of the biotic community
- favourable to another group
- favourable to the present occupants
WHAT is the unit of evolution?
- it is the ____ of ___ of the ____ ___ or _____ that occupies a ____ ____
POPULATION
- group of individuals of the same kind or species
- a given area
4 MECHANISMS that produce evolutionary change
- Mutation
- Genetic Drift
- Natural Selection
- Gene Flow
EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS - Mutation
- change in the___
- change in the STRUCTURE & AMOUNT of genetic material (DNA)
EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS - Genetic Drift
- collective term for the??
- random changes in small populations
EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS - Natural Selection
- defined as the?
- acc to this, “those who survived are ….?”
- differential reproductive success that results in inheritance of favorable traits in succeeding generations
- those who survived are selected by nature
EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS - Gene Flow
- transfer of?
- transfer of “flow of genes” within a population or from one population to another (if species is w more than 1 local defined population)
ADAPTATION
- expressed as a _____ trait
- it is an _______ _______
- enables the population to??
- phenotypic
- evolutionary change
- to cope with changes in the environment
WHAT can you consider as a “perfect adaptation”
there is NO EXACTLY perfect adaptation—only perfect for the environmental change that affects it
other TERMS (2) for BIODIVERSITY
- Saribuhay
- Laksambuhay
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
- definition (2)
1. complete range of?
2. genetic ___ within?
- complete range of species & biological community
- genetic variation within species and all ecosystem processes
3 LEVELS of DIVERSITY
- Genetic Diversity
- Species
- Ecosystem
LEVELS OF DIVERSITY - Genetic Diversity
- sum total of…?
sum total of genetic information contained in the genes of individuals that inhibit earth
If genetic diversity decreases, the potential for adaptability ___________
thus, possibility of extinction _____
decreases
increases
LEVELS OF DIVERSITY - Species
- refers to the?
- how many organisms in earth are described by scientists
- top 3 known species
+ 2 types of diversitities
- variety of living organisms on earth
- 1.75 M or 13%
:Insecta
:Plantae
:Non-insect arthropods
- Intraspecies diversity
- the genetic variation of individuals & populations of a single species - Interspecies diversity
- the diversity of living species in a community by their number, nature, and relative importance
LEVELS OF DIVERSITY - Ecosystem
- where…?
- can be… (2)
- where living species interact w/ their environment
- artificial
- natural
TYPES of natural ecosystem and main levels
In BANDICOOTS, why is their population declining? (2)
+ how to counter? based on what plan?
due to FERAL CATS and FOXES
CONSERVATIONISTS’ PLAN - breed bandicoots across isolated populations
Tagalog for:
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Dominyo
- Anyuhay
- Sangahay
- Lipihay
- Sunudhay
- Angkanhay
- Urihay
- Sarihay
