ACTIVITY 3 Flashcards
Are majority of protists MOTILE or NON-MOTILE? & why
MOTILE - flagella, pseudopodia, and cilia
Are protists metabolically diverse?
Yes but much less than prokaryotes
NUTRITION ability of prokaryotes
heterotrophic and photosynthetic (autotrophic)
Do majority of protists undergo SEXUAL or ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION?
sexual reproduction
Life cycles of protists may be….
- haplontic
- diplontic
- diplohaplontic
DIFFERENTIATE:
- Haplontic (1)
- Diplontic (2)
- Diplohaplontic
- zygotic meiosis forms 4 HAPLOID daughter cells
- gametic meiosis forms HAPLOID GAMETES that fuse intro DIPLOID ZYGOTE
- sporic meiosis with alternating HAPLOID and DIPLOID adult forms
What group is believed to be the source of the ancestors of other eukaryotic kingdoms?
Protista
Phylogenetic Groups of PROTISTS (6)
and which of the following are AUTOTROPHIC & HETEROTROPHIC
- Euglenoids - A
- Alveolates - H
- Stramenopiles - A
- Rhodophytes - A
- Chlorophytes - A
- Mycetozoans - A
+ Rhizopoda - H
DIVISION vs PHYLA
SAME THING but…
Division - Autotrophic
Phyla - Heterotrophic
EUGLENOIDS
- locomotion
- unique characteristic
- motile (flagella)
- lack cell wall (have pellicle instead)
Most common genera in EUGLENOIDS
Euglena
EUGLENOIDS
organelle for sensing light
eyespot or stigma
EUGLENOIDS
chloroplast pigments
chlorophyll a and b
EUGLENOIDS
stores food in the form of _____ found in ______
paramylon
paramylum bodies
EUGLENOIDS
thin, firm. pliable membrane that covers the outer part of the cell
pellicle
EUGLENOIDS
how many flagella?
2
EUGLENOIDS
mode of reproduction
longitudinal fission
Is Alveolates a Phylum?
No, they are a CLADE + (also not a group i think)
3 GROUPS of PROTISTS under ALVEOLATES
and unique characteristic for each
- ciliates - has cilia for locomotion
- apicomplexans - has apical complex for locomotion
- dinoflagellates - both autotrophic and heterotrophic
ALVEOLATES
distinguishing feature
ALVEOLI - small membrane bounded cavities beneath cell surfaces
PHYLUM (1) under Alveolates + example species
- distinguishing feature (3)
- mode of reproduction
- exchange of genetic material
PHYLUM CILIOPHORA - Paramecium
- cilia and 2 nuclei (macronucleus and micronucleus)
- transverse fission
- conjugation
CILIA
- definition
- function (2)
- outgrowths of protoplasm
- locomotion and feeding
Are Stramenopiles a division?
No, they are a GROUP
STRAMENOPILES
distinguishing feature
fine, hair-like projections on one flagella
STRAMENOPILES
2 examples under this
and MAIN DIFFERENCE
oomycetes & heterokont algae
*still not a division, only a class/group
- oomycetes: pantay flagella; ang heterokont: not
STRAMENOPILES—OOMYCETES
- nutrition
- most common example
- composition of cell wall
- unicellular or multicellular
- heterotrophic (feeds of decaying matter)
- water molds
- cellulose
- some are unicellular, some have hyphae
3 DIVISIONS of Stramenopiles
and what class are they under?
- Division Chrysophyta (golden algae)
- Division Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
- Division Phaeophyta (brown algae)
*all under heterokont algae
STRAMENOPILES—Division Bacillariophyta
- most common example
- color
- life cycle
- cell wall compositon
- IMPORTANT PARTS (4)
- Navicula (diatom)
- golden brown
- diplontic
- silica & pectin
- epitheca & hypotheca (girdle view–side) , striae & raphe (valve view–front/back)
STRAMENOPILES—Division Phaeophyta
- most common example
- life cycle
- asexual reproduction
- IMPORTANT PARTS (4)
- Sargassum
- diplontic
- fragmentation
- holdfast (for anchorage); blade (leaves); air bladder (spheres); stipes (holds the blades)
Is Rhodophyta a division?
yes
RHODOPHYTES
- how is it observed
- common name
- photosynthetic pigment (2)
- main example
- macroscopic and unicellular
- red algae
- chlorophyll a and d
- Galaxaura
RHODOPHYTES—Galaxaura
- life cycle
- branching pattern
- diplohaplontic
- dichotomous
Is Chlorophyta a division?
yes
CHLOROPHYTES
- common name
- form (4)
- photosynthetic pigments (4)
- unique characteristic: stores _______
- 2 most common examples
- IMPORTANT PARTS (1) and (3)
- green algae
- unicellular, filamentous, collonial, thalloid
- chlorophyll a and b, carotenes, xantophylls
- store starch
- Volvox & Spirogyra
VOLVOX - gonidia
SPIROGYRA - chloroplasts, pyrenoids, unbranched filaments
Are MYCETOZOANS a division?
No, it’s a group
MYCETOZOANS
- 2 common examples
- ploidy level
- flagellated or not
- 1 common division and its example + IMPORTANT PARTS (2)
- slime molds and plasmodial slime molds
- haploid
- flagellated
- Division Myxomycota - Physarum (sporangium & sporangiophore)
2 groups that DO NOT belong to the 6 phylogenetic groups
and most common example of such
- Phylum Rhizopoda
- Foraminifera
AMOEBA (phylum Rhizopods)
OTHER PROTISTS— AMOEBA
- form
- structure
- 2 distinct regions
- locomotion
- unicellular
- jelly-like
- ectoplasm and endoplasm
- pseudopodia
What are temporary cytoplasm extensions used for locomotion?
pseudopodia
