ACTIVITY 4 Flashcards
6 characteristics of FUNGI
- Eukaryotic
- Unicellular/Multicellular (mostly)
- Autotrophic/Heterotrophic (mostly)
- Immobile (usually)
- Has cell wall
- Has hyphae
Are fungi more plant like or animal like?
plant like
Fungi are MORE COMPLEX than ___________ but less so than ___________ & ___________
more complex than PROTISTS
less than animals and plants
Mode of Nutrition of Fungi
Absorptive
Where does digestion of food take place?
and how is it done?
outside the cell
release of enzymes
Sole fungi that are motile
and what are these?
Chytridiomycota
unicellular fungi that infects herbs
the DIVISIONS in fungi are separated based on?
reproduction
Main asexual and sexual reproduction by fungi
MOSTLY spores (asexual)
SOMETIMES (sexual) compatible mating strains “mate”
What are hyphae?
slender filaments that collectively form a MYCELIUM
Appearance of MYCELIUM
fuzzy (mostly)
but in mushrooms, are tight packed
Fungal filaments may be…. (2)
- coenocytic
- has septa/septum (has cross-walls)
Fungi cell wall composition (2)
polysaccharides and chitin
FUNGAL NUCLEI
- ploidy level
- # of nuclei
- haploid except when zygotes form
- 1 nucleus, but some have 2
3 DIVISIONS under Fungi
- Division Zygomycota
- Division Ascomycota
- Division Basidiomycota
+ Lichens (tho not a division)
DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTA
- branched/unbranched hyphae
- coenocytic/septate hyphae
- branched/unbranched sporangiophores
- presence/absence of fruiting bodies
- most common examples (3)
- IMPORTANT parts (3)
- branched hyphae (same with asco)
- coenocytic hyphae (opp with asco)
- unbranched sporangiophore (opp with asco)
- absence of fruiting bodies
- Rhizopus stolonifer
- animal traps
- fly fungi
- rhizoids, sporangia, sporangiophores
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA
- distinguishing feature
- what occurs in this feauture?
- 4 common examples
- ascus (sac-like cell) found inside ascocarp
- karyogamy and meiosis occurs
- Yeast
- Aspergillus
- Penicillum
- Cookeina
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA—YEAST
- mode of asexual reproduction?
- observed as?
budding
unicellular
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA—Penicillum&Aspergillus
- asexual spores?
- reproductive branch?
- conidia
- conidiophore
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA—COOKEINA
- fruiting body? microscopic or macroscopic?
- sac inside fruiting body?
- sexual spores? and how many are found per sac?
- how many nuclei?
- additional important parts (2)
- ascocarp, microscopic
- ascus
- ascospores (2 - 8)
- 2 nuclei (dikaryotic)
- paraphyses and hymenium (support and protective filamentous structures)
DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA
- most common example
- fruiting body? microscopic or macroscopic? and its 3 parts?
- reproductive spores? sexual or asexual?
GILL MUSHROOM
- basidiocarp: macroscopic (pileus - cap; gills - membraneous sheets under cap; stipe - stalk)
- sexual reproductive spores: BASIDIA
What are lichens
symbiotic relationship between a fungus (mycobiont) and algae (phycobiont)
LICHENS
mycobiont can be… (2)
phycobiont can be… (1)
MYCOBIONT: ascomycete/basidiomycete
PHYCOBIONT: free-living algae
3 growth forms of lichens
- crustose (crusty)
- foliose (leafy)
- fruticose (thin, finger-like/hair-like)
ASEXUAL and SEXUAL spores of the 3 divisions
- Zygomycota
asexual: SPORANGIOSPORE (in sporangial sac)
sexual: ZYGOSPORES (no sac) - Ascomycota
asexual: CONIDIA (no sac)
sexual: ASCOSPORES (in ascus sac) - Basidiomycota
asexual: none
sexual: BASIDIA / BASIDIOSPORE
