ACTIVITY 1 Flashcards
SYSTEMATICS definition
the scientific study of the kinds and diversity of the organisms and all relationships among them
2 aspects of SYSTEMATICS
- Biosystematics
- Taxonomy
What is the MAJOR FIELD of systematics?
Taxonomy
TAXONOMY definition
theory and practice of classifying organisms
ETYMOLOGY of taxonomy
TAXIS - arrangement/division
NOMOS - method
4 important concepts of TAXONOMY
- Description
- Identification
- Nomenclature
- Classification
CLASSIFICATION definition (2 steps)
- ordering of populations into groups then…
- organizing groups into a nested hierarchy
IDENTIFICATION definition
recognizing features of organisms using a key
NOMENCLATURE
assignment of distinct names to each of the
groups recognized
TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY definition
an orderly array composed of categories
In what order can taxonomic categories be arranged?
both
decreasing (most inclusive to least inclusive)
increasing (least inclusive to most inclusive)
What is the most and least inclusive taxonomic rank?
MOST: Domain
LEAST: Species
CATEGORY in taxonomic hierarchy definition
a rank or level in the hierarchic classification
What is taxon/taxa?
a CONCRETE object or real organism at any level of hierarchic classification
What category is considered as the basic unit of classification?
Species
SUFFIXES PER CATEGORY
What 2 types of names are given to organisms?
- common
- scientific
Other term for common name
vernacular names
Can a species have several common names?
Yes
Can different species share the same common name?
Yes
Scientific names follows WHAT CONVENTION?
binomial nomenclature
Scientific names commonly originate from what language?
Latin
Does the scientific name of a SUBSPECIES follow binomial nomenclature? why or why not?
NO - it follows trinomial
genus + species + subspecies
Example of subspecies?
Rattus rattus mindanensis
The generic or group name is always a __________ whereas the specific or individual name is usually an ____?
noun
adjective
2 example basis of creation/naming of specific epithet
- habitat
- names of people
3 components of a COMPLETE scientific name
and which of the three are italicized?
- generic name
- specific epithet
- author citation
only 1 & 2
what is a DICHOTOMOUS KEY
a devise used for determining the identity of the organisms
2 kinds of dichotomous keys
NATURAL: express relationships of organisms
ARTIFICIAL: a tool for the separation of similar but not identical organisms
Most common TYPE of key?
bracketed key (pair and parallel statements)
Primary goal of systematics
“to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life”
TAXONOMIC RANK VS TAXA
TR: D, K, P, C, O, F, G, S
TAXA: Plantae, Animalia, Mangifera
2 aspects of DESCRIPTION
character (being desciribed)
character state (adjective for character)
what are TAUTONYMS
and example
genus is the same as specific epithet
Gallus Gallus
TAUTONYMS
what kingdoms are this allowed?
only ANIMALIA
Standardized system for naming
plants, algae. and fungi
international code of botanical nomenclature
Standardized system for naming animals
international code of zoological nomenclature
What do you call PEOPLE who verify organisms?
Curators
Dichotomous keys are consist of ______, each with 2 _____
couplets
leads
3 steps in BUILDING a DICHOTOMOUS KEY
- Table of characters
- Isolation Diagram
- Dichotomous Key
How do you write the character and character state in the dichotomous key?
character first
then character state:
foot is long
foot is short
MOST important feature in a bracketed key
need CONTRASTING yung character state lagi
