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BCM > BCM12 > Flashcards

BCM12 Flashcards

1
Q

alpha d- glucopyranose (1->2) beta- d frutofuranose

A

sucrose

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2
Q

alpha - d glucopyranosyl (1->4) alpha- d- glucopyranose

A

maltose

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3
Q

beta- d galactopyranose (1->4) alpha/beta- d- glucopyranose

A

lactose

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4
Q

what is raffinose?

A

storage oligosaccaharide found in legumes

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5
Q

alpha (1->6) galactosyl sucrose

A

raffinose

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6
Q

raffinose

A

alpha (1->6) galactosyl sucrose

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7
Q

what is needed to digest alpha 1->6 glycosidic bonds?

A

alpha gal

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8
Q

what do legumes cause flatulance?

A

humans lack alpha Gal to digest rafinose bond so fermented by microorganisms creating methane and c02 - f

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9
Q

what are abo blood group antigens?

A

o linked oligosaccharides on rbc

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10
Q

how do A and B blood antigens differ

A

A has a alpha d acetylgalactosamine where b has a alpha d galactose

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11
Q

what are the main sugars in the blood group antigens?

A

alpha - l fructose
alpha/beta d - galactose
beta d acetyl glucosamine
alpha d acetyl galactosamine

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12
Q

what linkage do the blood antigens have?

A

alpha 1->3

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13
Q

how does H/O blood group antigen differ from A and B?

A

has one less sugar molecule of the variety that is fdifference between A and B (only 4 sugars)

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14
Q

what are glycosyl transferases?

A

enzymes that catalyse links between sugar monomoers

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15
Q

what are lecitns?

A

proteins that bind carbohydrates

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16
Q

what is ricin?

A

a very toxic lectin

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17
Q

what are lectins domains?

A

bind cell surface glycoproteins

18
Q

give examples of 3 sugar homopolymers?

A

starch
cellulose
glucans

19
Q

give an example of a sugar heteropolymer, describe

A

hyaluronan

d glucuronic acid adn n acetyl glucosamine

20
Q

where is hyaluronon found?

A

synovial fluid, joints
stops bone erosion
jelly in eyes

21
Q

beta (1->4) glucan (1->4 linkage) - ubranched

A

Cellulose

22
Q

describe celluose

A 
beta (1->4) glucan, unbranched
highly ordered
rod shaped
cystalline
resistent to heat damage
found in gossyplum - cotton balls
23
Q

what gives cellulose such good tensile strength?

A

extensive h bonding

24
Q

what is chitin?

A

beta (1->4) hompolymer of n acetyal glucosamine

25
Q

where is chitin found?

A

insect exoskeleton
fungal cell wall
very abundant polymer
second only to cellulose

26
Q

what is starch?

A

storage carbohydrate
mix of glucans
amylose and amylopectin

27
Q

what is amylose?

A

(1->4) glucan, bent hollow left handed helix.

28
Q

what is the basis of the starch iodine test?

A

helical arrangement of amylose
I3- and I5- fit inside amylose coils
light cant pass through due to electronorbitals

29
Q

what are amylopectin and glycogen?

A

branched starches with alpha 1->4 glucam with alpha (1->6) branches

30
Q

what is the animal equivalent of amylopectin?

A

glycogen

31
Q

what do many modified polysaccharides act as?

A

hydrocolloid gels and gums

32
Q

what is alignate

A

anionic polysaccahride
heteropolymer
beta 1-4 linked d mannuronate and alpha 1-4 linked l guluronate
found in brown algae

33
Q

what is agar

A

found in red algae
mix of polysaccharide agarose 1-3 beta d galactopyranose 1-4 -3-6 anyhydro alpha l galactopyranose and agropectin
microbiology plates

34
Q

(1->3) beta d galactopyranose (1->4) -3-6 anyhdro alpha l galactopyranose and agropectin

A

agar

35
Q

beta (1->4) linked d mannuronate and alpha (1->4) l glucoronate

A

alignate

36
Q

what are pectins?

A

modified polysaccharides that glue plant cells together

37
Q

what are the two components of pectic acid

A

homogalacturonan

and rhamnogalacturonan

38
Q

what is homogalacturonan

A

alpha 1 -4 linked galacturonic acid residues
can be methyl esterified or acetylated
hydrophobic interactions

39
Q

what is pectic acids role?

A

plats similar role to hyaluronan = very hydrophillic
borate and calcium cross links
thickener in jams

40
Q

what are hydrocolloid gels used in

A 
loads of things
foods, pharmaceuticals 
paper  
thickener
ice cream
41
Q

what are beta 1-4 glycans used for

A

structural

42
Q

what are alpha 1-4 glycans used for

A

storage

BCM (27 decks)

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