Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Restorative > Basic Restorative > Flashcards

Basic Restorative Flashcards

0
Q

Which acids are mainly produced by the bacterias?

A

Lactic
Propionic
Acetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the of caries?

A

A process affecting the mineralised tissues of the teeth which is causes the action of microorganism on fermentable carbohydrates to produce acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which acid is the most damaging?

A

Lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which sugar is the most carigigenic?

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which bacteria are found in health?

A

Mainly gram pos facultative bacteria

S sanguis
S gordonii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which bacteria are mainly found in fissure caries?

A

S sanguis and mitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common sites to develop caries?

A

Pits and fissures
Approximate surfaces
Root surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are rh four requisites to caries?

A

Bacterial plaque
Bacterial substrate
Susceptible tooth surface
Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which bacteria are involved in caries mainly?

A

Strep mutans

Lactobacillus sp.deep lesions

Acrinomycosis for root caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do primary enamel caries appear?

A

White spot lesion

Brown spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the microscopic appearance of primary enamel caries?

A

IEBS

Initiation
Enamel destruction
Bacterial invasion
Secondary enamel caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is in the initiation phase of enamel and how porous are they?

A

TDBS

Normal enamel: 0.1%
Translucent zone: 1%
Dark zone : 2-4%
Periphery : 5%
Body zone: 25%
Surface zone : 1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Sedondary enamel caries?

A

Enamel adjacent to dentine is less resistant to caries possibly due to the branching of dentinal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHat are the zones of dentine caries?

A

SCZA
Superficial area : just beneath breached enamel
Central area: necrosis and destruction
Zone of penetration : tubules penetrated by bacteria
Advancing front : demineralised but not infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of dentine?

A

Primary: bulk of dentine around pulp and also known as cicrumpulpal dentine
Sedondary dentine: develops after root formation and is continuos wit primary but slower rate of formation. Less regular than primary

Tertiary dentine: reactive to stimuli . Deposited either odontoblasts or replacement cells from pulp. Tubular pattern very irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F cementum rapidly decaclfies?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for caries?

A 
SES
age
Diet
Local factors
Fluoride
Saliva pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can we assess the activity of a carious lesions?

A

Matt or shiny
Colour
Consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would caries that felt matt more likely indicate?

A

More active and indicated amount of pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does colour indicate?

A

Poor indicator but may indicate arresting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the consistent indicate?

A

Soft and leathery are more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the defence mechanisms of the pulp dentine complex?

A

Tubular scleorsis: this is when the tubules become complety filled with calcified material and increases with age
Reactionary dentine

Inflammation of pulp and pulpits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the pulp come from?

A

Dental papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which caries has seen the biggest reduction on orevelance?

A

Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
How much do fissure caries account for new lesions?
84%
25
How does fissure caries start?
Bilaterally along walls as inverted cone shape
26
What does tooth brushing prevent?
Smooth surface caries
27
What is the reasonnfor change in caries?
Improved awareness | Use of fluorides
28
When does fissure caries occur?
Two school of thought 1. Occlusal caries incidence peaks during and immediately after eruption 2. Occlusal caries incidence remains high and unremitting
29
Which ways can we diagnose caries?
Invasive and non invasive
30
What are the invasive caries diagnosis techniques?
Diagnostic cavity | Enamel biopsy
31
What are the non invasive caries detection?
``` Probe Visual inspection Magnification Radiographs Trans illumination Electronic methods ```
32
What is the problem with using a probe in fissure caries?
False positives as probe may stick in fissure due to normal anatomy Misses dentinal caries Possibility of breaking the soft surface zone and introduce cariogenic bacteria Unreliable
33
How does visual inspection work?
Clean dry tooth | Must see staining and se calcification around the fissure
34
How does magnicficationwork?
Fissure caries detection improves and times 4 is thought to be the best
35
What magnification does an intrs oral camera use?
X40
36
What magnification does an operating microscope use?
X16
37
How helpful is radiographs in fissure caries ?
Only useful for occult lesions but otherwise not great since 1. Superimposition or buccal and Palatal enamel 2. Often only seen when caries into dentine 3. Small changes in X-ray tube head can make small lesions disappear
38
How effective is trans illumination?
Good for interproximal caries on ANTERIOR teeth But POOR in POSTERIOR teeth
39
What must the ambient light be for trans illumination?
Low
40
How will a caries free tooth appear compared to a caries tooth within trans illumination?
Caries free will glow
41
What is an example of trans illumination?
FOTI
42
Compared to x ray how good is FOTI ?
17% enamel lesions detected 48% of dentine Low sensitivity
43
What are the electronic methods for caries detection based on?
Carious teeth contain pores of enamel which saliva can pass through and this conduct small electrical currents
44
How effective are the electronic methods for caries detection?
HIGH SENSITIVITY !!!!! Can be used to monitor progress
45
What is the diode laser fluoresce?
Uses a laser of 680nm Carious tooth structure is diff to normal Fluorescence changes are measured and converted to an analogue scale Low reading: sound High reason: caries 80% sens and spec But no diagnostic threshold and mainly used for occlusal lesions in conjunction with other technique
46
How does vista proof work?
High energery violet light used
47
Hat wave,length of light is used in vista proof?
405nm
48
What does vista proof show?
Porphyrin metabolites show red | Natrual tooth is green
49
What is th best way for carious detection using non invasive ways?
Clean dry tooth Visual inspection Light
50
When would invasive methods for caries detection be used?
High risk population or STRONG suspicion of caries in that tooth
51
What are the treatment options for fissure caries?
``` Observe Laser therapy Ozone Sealane t Amalgam Composite Inlay ```
52
When would you observe for fissure caries?
You don't since cannot see it well
53
How does laser therapy work for fissure caries?
CO2 laser Causes carbonate and mg depletion Reorganises apatite structure Raises pulp temp by not more than 1 degrees
54
What materials can you use for a sealant restoration?
``` GIC Composte Fissure sealants Compomer Dentine adhesive ```
55
How does a sealants restoration work?and how much surface does it occupy?
Treatment of the enamel and dentine caries in a discrete part of the fissure pattern Occupies 5% Amalgam occupies 25%
56
What are the advantages of sealant restoration?
Minimal cavity prep Tooth not weakened Aesthetic Simulatanous prevention
57
What do we polish restrorstions?
For aesthetics,minimise plaque retention, and gingival irration, remove over hangs,
58
What are the options for increasing amalgam retention?
``` Slots: no greater than 1mm Groves Boxes Dovetails Steps Circumfrential slots Dentine pins Bonded amalgams Amalgapins ```
59
How effective is the Circumfrential slot?
Very | Same resistance as 4 pins but more sensitive to displacement during matrix band removal
60
What are amalgam pins?
Amalgam is used for the retention and similar placement to cone tonal pins
61
How's does the resistance to displacement for the amalgam pins compare to the conventional prins?
Same
62
What are the dimsjonas for amalagmpins?
1. 5-2 mm deep | 0. 8mm diameter
63
How wide and deep do your slopes and steps need to be?
2. 0 mm wide | 1. oo tall
64
What are bonded amalgams?
Where you use a bonding agent to aid retention of amalgam
65
T/F the bond strength between the amalgam and bonding agent is weaker than that of the tooth and bonding agent?
T
66
T/F there is less stress on the bond between amalgam and bonding agent than compared to composte?
T
67
What type of bonding agents would you use for bonded amalgams?
Autopolymersising agent
68
What to dentine pins provide?
Mechanical retention and resistance
69
How do dentine pins work?
Mechanical interlocking of amalgam into undercuts on the pin
70
What is the pins retention dependant upon?
Resiliency and firmness of dentine
71
What are the three types of dentine pins?
Self threading Friction locked Cemented
72
T/F self threading are less retentive than friction locked?
F | Self threading are the most retentive
73
What is the optimum depth of the dentine pins into dentine?
2-3mm
74
What is the optimum length of pin into amalgam?
2mm
75
T/F larger diameter pins are more retentive?
T
76
How many pins per missing cusp should be placed?
1 or marginal ridge/line angle
77
What is the maximum of pins in a tooth?
4
78
How far apart should pins be and what are the other requirement when placing pins?
5mm apart 1mm inside DEJ 1mm inside external Root is apical tonCEJ 2mm into dentine and amalgam 2mm from opposing tooth
79
How much dentine between pin and ADJ?
1mm
80
What angle should you place pins?
90 degree
81
What can you cost the pins in?
MDP Panavia or | 4 META
82
How much amalgam is needed ontop of the ion for replacing a cusp?
2.5mm
83
What speed hand piece do you use for pins?
200rpm clockwise
84
What are the problems with pin placement?
``` Voids around pin Pins bent Lose pin Pin at amalgam surface Pulp exposure Root perforation ```
85
What are the matrix bands available?
Siqveland Tofflemire Autommatrix Copper band
86
How long to extensive amagalsm last?
14.6 years
87
Where do class 2 lesions occur?
Least one of the interproximal surfaces on posterior teeth staters just below contact point
88
How can we classify caries lesions?
``` E1: outer hand of enamel E2: inner half of enamel D1: 0.5mm into dentine D2: more than 0.5 but not within 0.5mm of pulp D3: more than 0.5mm within pulp ```
89
How can you diagnose interproximal caries?
``` Visual inspection Radiographs Laster fluoresce eg diagno dent Light transmission Electrical resistance Temporsry tooth separation ```
90
How long does it take caries to reach ADJ in adults vs children?
Adults: 6 yrs Kids: 4 yrs
91
What are the options for class 2?
``` Class 2 with key Class 2 with self retentive box Tunnel prep MOD Tunnel prep Pre fabricated eg inlay ```
92
What percentage of class 2 amalgams have fractured cusps?
13% Occur at any age but most frequently affect molars
93
Which types of restorations have the biggest number of cusp fracture?
MOD
94
How does the tunnel prep work?
Intact marginal ridge
95
What was the tunnel prep initially deigned for?
GIC
96
What are the problems with tunnel prep?
Cannot visualise whole lesions Not sure if cairies free Cannot assess the strength of remsning tooth Secondary carie within 3yrs
97
What are thr indications for posterior composite?
Small and moderate sized class 2 Patient allergic to metal s Unsupported enamel may be strengthened by acid etch technqie Not possible to obtain retention
98
What are the contr indications to posterior composites?
``` Patients with high caries risk Cavities where cannot get isolation Multiple large restrorstions with cuspal contact Bruxism Allergies ```
99
What are thr problems with large class 2 composites?
Wear Fracture Microleakage Cuspal flexure
100
What is the survival rate for amalgam vs composite?
15 yrs amalgam | 6 yrs composite
101
What is blacks classification for caries?
Class 1: pit and fissure 2: mesial and distal premolar and molar 3: mesial and distal incisors and canine 4: involving incisal edge 5: occurring at cervical third
102
What are the contemporary caries classification?
Site | Size
103
What are the caries by site classification?
Site 1: pits fissures and enamel defects on occlusal or other smooth surfaces Site 2: approximate surfaces for ant and post teeth Site 3: cervical third of all teeth and any exposed roots
104
What is the classification by size?
0: initial lesion 1: minimal surface cavitation 2: moderate dentine 3: enlarged beyond moderate 4: extensive caries with loss of cusp
105
Why may anterior teeth need restoring?1
``` Caries Colour Fracture Wear Developmental disorder ```
106
Where do class 3 lesions start?
Just at or below the contact point in the mid labial Palatal third
107
T/F the incidence for class 3 is higher than pit and fissure caries?
``` F Becaus 1-anterior teeth more accessible for OH 2: narrower contact ares 3: increased use of fluoridated tooth paste ```
108
Which patients are class 3 more common in?
Mouth breathers | Imbricated teeth
109
How do you diagnose class 3?
Can see once into dentine as a darkness
110
What diagnostic methods can we use for class 3?
``` Probe Visual Radiographs Trans illumination Shred floss ```
111
What probes are used for detecting class 2 and class 2 lesions?
Brialt and Weston Nee to use a light pressure
112
How can you use trans illumination in class 3 lesions?
Light off dental mirror | FOTI
113
What are the ways of restoring class 3?
Palatal | Labial
114
When would we bevel class 3 cavity?
When the cavity extends to an area that is visible then bevel Advantages: end on etching of enamel prisms, increases surface ares for bond, blends composte better, reduces micro leakage BUT: increase cavity size
115
What lining materials can we use in class three?
Dentine bonding agents Light cured GIC CaOH
116
What is an alternative to class three prep?
Tunnel prep
117
How can you gain retention for class 4?
Cervical groove in dentine Enchant Dentine pins Bevel
118
Which matrices can you use for class 4?
Polyester : straight or curved of incisal corner | Cellulose acetate
119
What is the dis with cellulose acetate strip?
Reacts with composte Too thick and bulky Tear

Restorative (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions