Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Restorative > Basic Restorative > Flashcards

Basic Restorative Flashcards

0
Q

Which acids are mainly produced by the bacterias?

A

Lactic
Propionic
Acetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the of caries?

A

A process affecting the mineralised tissues of the teeth which is causes the action of microorganism on fermentable carbohydrates to produce acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which acid is the most damaging?

A

Lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which sugar is the most carigigenic?

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which bacteria are found in health?

A

Mainly gram pos facultative bacteria

S sanguis
S gordonii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which bacteria are mainly found in fissure caries?

A

S sanguis and mitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common sites to develop caries?

A

Pits and fissures
Approximate surfaces
Root surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are rh four requisites to caries?

A

Bacterial plaque
Bacterial substrate
Susceptible tooth surface
Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which bacteria are involved in caries mainly?

A

Strep mutans

Lactobacillus sp.deep lesions

Acrinomycosis for root caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do primary enamel caries appear?

A

White spot lesion

Brown spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the microscopic appearance of primary enamel caries?

A

IEBS

Initiation
Enamel destruction
Bacterial invasion
Secondary enamel caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is in the initiation phase of enamel and how porous are they?

A

TDBS

Normal enamel: 0.1%
Translucent zone: 1%
Dark zone : 2-4%
Periphery : 5%
Body zone: 25%
Surface zone : 1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Sedondary enamel caries?

A

Enamel adjacent to dentine is less resistant to caries possibly due to the branching of dentinal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHat are the zones of dentine caries?

A

SCZA
Superficial area : just beneath breached enamel
Central area: necrosis and destruction
Zone of penetration : tubules penetrated by bacteria
Advancing front : demineralised but not infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of dentine?

A

Primary: bulk of dentine around pulp and also known as cicrumpulpal dentine
Sedondary dentine: develops after root formation and is continuos wit primary but slower rate of formation. Less regular than primary

Tertiary dentine: reactive to stimuli . Deposited either odontoblasts or replacement cells from pulp. Tubular pattern very irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F cementum rapidly decaclfies?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for caries?

A 
SES
age
Diet
Local factors
Fluoride
Saliva pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can we assess the activity of a carious lesions?

A

Matt or shiny
Colour
Consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would caries that felt matt more likely indicate?

A

More active and indicated amount of pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does colour indicate?

A

Poor indicator but may indicate arresting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the consistent indicate?

A

Soft and leathery are more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the defence mechanisms of the pulp dentine complex?

A

Tubular scleorsis: this is when the tubules become complety filled with calcified material and increases with age
Reactionary dentine

Inflammation of pulp and pulpits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the pulp come from?

A

Dental papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which caries has seen the biggest reduction on orevelance?

A

Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much do fissure caries account for new lesions?

A

84%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does fissure caries start?

A

Bilaterally along walls as inverted cone shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does tooth brushing prevent?

A

Smooth surface caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the reasonnfor change in caries?

A

Improved awareness

Use of fluorides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When does fissure caries occur?

A

Two school of thought

  1. Occlusal caries incidence peaks during and immediately after eruption
  2. Occlusal caries incidence remains high and unremitting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which ways can we diagnose caries?

A

Invasive and non invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the invasive caries diagnosis techniques?

A

Diagnostic cavity

Enamel biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the non invasive caries detection?

A 
Probe
Visual inspection 
Magnification 
Radiographs
Trans illumination 
Electronic methods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the problem with using a probe in fissure caries?

A

False positives as probe may stick in fissure due to normal anatomy
Misses dentinal caries
Possibility of breaking the soft surface zone and introduce cariogenic bacteria

Unreliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does visual inspection work?

A

Clean dry tooth

Must see staining and se calcification around the fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does magnicficationwork?

A

Fissure caries detection improves and times 4 is thought to be the best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What magnification does an intrs oral camera use?

A

X40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What magnification does an operating microscope use?

A

X16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How helpful is radiographs in fissure caries ?

A

Only useful for occult lesions but otherwise not great since

  1. Superimposition or buccal and Palatal enamel
  2. Often only seen when caries into dentine
  3. Small changes in X-ray tube head can make small lesions disappear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How effective is trans illumination?

A

Good for interproximal caries on ANTERIOR teeth

But POOR in POSTERIOR teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What must the ambient light be for trans illumination?

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How will a caries free tooth appear compared to a caries tooth within trans illumination?

A

Caries free will glow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is an example of trans illumination?

A

FOTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Compared to x ray how good is FOTI ?

A

17% enamel lesions detected

48% of dentine

Low sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the electronic methods for caries detection based on?

A

Carious teeth contain pores of enamel which saliva can pass through and this conduct small electrical currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How effective are the electronic methods for caries detection?

A

HIGH SENSITIVITY !!!!! Can be used to monitor progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the diode laser fluoresce?

A

Uses a laser of 680nm
Carious tooth structure is diff to normal
Fluorescence changes are measured and converted to an analogue scale
Low reading: sound
High reason: caries
80% sens and spec

But no diagnostic threshold and mainly used for occlusal lesions in conjunction with other technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How does vista proof work?

A

High energery violet light used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Hat wave,length of light is used in vista proof?

A

405nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What does vista proof show?

A

Porphyrin metabolites show red

Natrual tooth is green

49
Q

What is th best way for carious detection using non invasive ways?

A

Clean dry tooth
Visual inspection
Light

50
Q

When would invasive methods for caries detection be used?

A

High risk population or STRONG suspicion of caries in that tooth

51
Q

What are the treatment options for fissure caries?

A 
Observe
Laser therapy
Ozone
Sealane t
Amalgam
Composite
Inlay
52
Q

When would you observe for fissure caries?

A

You don’t since cannot see it well

53
Q

How does laser therapy work for fissure caries?

A

CO2 laser
Causes carbonate and mg depletion
Reorganises apatite structure

Raises pulp temp by not more than 1 degrees

54
Q

What materials can you use for a sealant restoration?

A 
GIC
Composte
Fissure sealants
Compomer
Dentine adhesive
55
Q

How does a sealants restoration work?and how much surface does it occupy?

A

Treatment of the enamel and dentine caries in a discrete part of the fissure pattern

Occupies 5%
Amalgam occupies 25%

56
Q

What are the advantages of sealant restoration?

A

Minimal cavity prep
Tooth not weakened
Aesthetic
Simulatanous prevention

57
Q

What do we polish restrorstions?

A

For aesthetics,minimise plaque retention, and gingival irration, remove over hangs,

58
Q

What are the options for increasing amalgam retention?

A 
Slots: no greater than 1mm
Groves
Boxes
Dovetails
Steps
Circumfrential slots
Dentine pins
Bonded amalgams 
Amalgapins
59
Q

How effective is the Circumfrential slot?

A

Very

Same resistance as 4 pins but more sensitive to displacement during matrix band removal

60
Q

What are amalgam pins?

A

Amalgam is used for the retention and similar placement to cone tonal pins

61
Q

How’s does the resistance to displacement for the amalgam pins compare to the conventional prins?

A

Same

62
Q

What are the dimsjonas for amalagmpins?

A
  1. 5-2 mm deep

0. 8mm diameter

63
Q

How wide and deep do your slopes and steps need to be?

A
  1. 0 mm wide

1. oo tall

64
Q

What are bonded amalgams?

A

Where you use a bonding agent to aid retention of amalgam

65
Q

T/F the bond strength between the amalgam and bonding agent is weaker than that of the tooth and bonding agent?

A

T

66
Q

T/F there is less stress on the bond between amalgam and bonding agent than compared to composte?

A

T

67
Q

What type of bonding agents would you use for bonded amalgams?

A

Autopolymersising agent

68
Q

What to dentine pins provide?

A

Mechanical retention and resistance

69
Q

How do dentine pins work?

A

Mechanical interlocking of amalgam into undercuts on the pin

70
Q

What is the pins retention dependant upon?

A

Resiliency and firmness of dentine

71
Q

What are the three types of dentine pins?

A

Self threading
Friction locked
Cemented

72
Q

T/F self threading are less retentive than friction locked?

A

F

Self threading are the most retentive

73
Q

What is the optimum depth of the dentine pins into dentine?

A

2-3mm

74
Q

What is the optimum length of pin into amalgam?

A

2mm

75
Q

T/F larger diameter pins are more retentive?

A

T

76
Q

How many pins per missing cusp should be placed?

A

1 or marginal ridge/line angle

77
Q

What is the maximum of pins in a tooth?

A

4

78
Q

How far apart should pins be and what are the other requirement when placing pins?

A

5mm apart
1mm inside DEJ

1mm inside external Root is apical tonCEJ
2mm into dentine and amalgam
2mm from opposing tooth

79
Q

How much dentine between pin and ADJ?

A

1mm

80
Q

What angle should you place pins?

A

90 degree

81
Q

What can you cost the pins in?

A

MDP Panavia or

4 META

82
Q

How much amalgam is needed ontop of the ion for replacing a cusp?

A

2.5mm

83
Q

What speed hand piece do you use for pins?

A

200rpm clockwise

84
Q

What are the problems with pin placement?

A 
Voids around pin 
Pins bent
Lose pin
Pin at amalgam surface
Pulp exposure 
Root perforation
85
Q

What are the matrix bands available?

A

Siqveland
Tofflemire
Autommatrix
Copper band

86
Q

How long to extensive amagalsm last?

A

14.6 years

87
Q

Where do class 2 lesions occur?

A

Least one of the interproximal surfaces on posterior teeth staters just below contact point

88
Q

How can we classify caries lesions?

A 
E1: outer hand of enamel
E2: inner half of enamel
D1: 0.5mm into dentine
D2: more than 0.5 but not within 0.5mm of pulp
D3: more than 0.5mm within pulp
89
Q

How can you diagnose interproximal caries?

A 
Visual inspection 
Radiographs 
Laster fluoresce eg diagno dent 
Light transmission 
Electrical resistance
Temporsry tooth separation
90
Q

How long does it take caries to reach ADJ in adults vs children?

A

Adults: 6 yrs
Kids: 4 yrs

91
Q

What are the options for class 2?

A 
Class 2 with key
Class 2 with self retentive box
Tunnel prep
MOD
Tunnel prep
Pre fabricated eg inlay
92
Q

What percentage of class 2 amalgams have fractured cusps?

A

13%

Occur at any age but most frequently affect molars

93
Q

Which types of restorations have the biggest number of cusp fracture?

A

MOD

94
Q

How does the tunnel prep work?

A

Intact marginal ridge

95
Q

What was the tunnel prep initially deigned for?

A

GIC

96
Q

What are the problems with tunnel prep?

A

Cannot visualise whole lesions
Not sure if cairies free
Cannot assess the strength of remsning tooth
Secondary carie within 3yrs

97
Q

What are thr indications for posterior composite?

A

Small and moderate sized class 2
Patient allergic to metal s
Unsupported enamel may be strengthened by acid etch technqie
Not possible to obtain retention

98
Q

What are the contr indications to posterior composites?

A 
Patients with high caries risk 
Cavities where cannot get isolation
Multiple large restrorstions with cuspal contact
Bruxism 
Allergies
99
Q

What are thr problems with large class 2 composites?

A

Wear
Fracture
Microleakage
Cuspal flexure

100
Q

What is the survival rate for amalgam vs composite?

A

15 yrs amalgam

6 yrs composite

101
Q

What is blacks classification for caries?

A

Class 1: pit and fissure

2: mesial and distal premolar and molar
3: mesial and distal incisors and canine
4: involving incisal edge
5: occurring at cervical third

102
Q

What are the contemporary caries classification?

A

Site

Size

103
Q

What are the caries by site classification?

A

Site 1: pits fissures and enamel defects on occlusal or other smooth surfaces
Site 2: approximate surfaces for ant and post teeth
Site 3: cervical third of all teeth and any exposed roots

104
Q

What is the classification by size?

A

0: initial lesion
1: minimal surface cavitation
2: moderate dentine
3: enlarged beyond moderate
4: extensive caries with loss of cusp

105
Q

Why may anterior teeth need restoring?1

A 
Caries
Colour
Fracture
Wear
Developmental disorder
106
Q

Where do class 3 lesions start?

A

Just at or below the contact point in the mid labial Palatal third

107
Q

T/F the incidence for class 3 is higher than pit and fissure caries?

A 
F 
Becaus
1-anterior teeth more accessible for OH
2: narrower contact ares
3: increased use of fluoridated tooth paste
108
Q

Which patients are class 3 more common in?

A

Mouth breathers

Imbricated teeth

109
Q

How do you diagnose class 3?

A

Can see once into dentine as a darkness

110
Q

What diagnostic methods can we use for class 3?

A 
Probe
Visual
Radiographs
Trans illumination 
Shred floss
111
Q

What probes are used for detecting class 2 and class 2 lesions?

A

Brialt and Weston

Nee to use a light pressure

112
Q

How can you use trans illumination in class 3 lesions?

A

Light off dental mirror

FOTI

113
Q

What are the ways of restoring class 3?

A

Palatal

Labial

114
Q

When would we bevel class 3 cavity?

A

When the cavity extends to an area that is visible then bevel

Advantages: end on etching of enamel prisms, increases surface ares for bond, blends composte better, reduces micro leakage

BUT: increase cavity size

115
Q

What lining materials can we use in class three?

A

Dentine bonding agents
Light cured GIC
CaOH

116
Q

What is an alternative to class three prep?

A

Tunnel prep

117
Q

How can you gain retention for class 4?

A

Cervical groove in dentine
Enchant
Dentine pins
Bevel

118
Q

Which matrices can you use for class 4?

A

Polyester : straight or curved of incisal corner

Cellulose acetate

119
Q

What is the dis with cellulose acetate strip?

A

Reacts with composte
Too thick and bulky
Tear

Restorative (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions