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1. GCSE combined master > B8 Exchange surfaces > Flashcards

B8 Exchange surfaces Flashcards

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1
Q

Define diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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2
Q

What are the main factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient
Temperature
Surface area

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3
Q

Describe how the alveoli are adapted for gas exchange

A

Millions of alveoli - large surface area

Rich blood supply - maintains concentration gradient

Alveoli close to capillaires - short diffusion distance

Thin walls - short diffusion pathway

Ventilation - maintains concentration gradient

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4
Q

Name two chemicals that diffuse into all cells.

A

Glucose
Oxygen

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5
Q

Name two chemicals that diffusion out of all cells

A

Carbon dioxide
Urea

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6
Q

How are single celled organisms adapted for diffusion?

A

Large surface area to volume ratio

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7
Q

Why do multi-cellular organisms need a ventilation and circulation system?

A

Surface area to volume ratio is too small

Oxygen and glucose could not diffuse to each ell in the body without them

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8
Q

Define osmosis?

A

Movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
through a selectively permeable membrane

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9
Q

What happens to an animal cell if it is placed in water?

A

Absorbs water by osmosis
Cytoplasm swells
Cell will eventually burst

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10
Q

What happens to an animal cell if it is place in very strong salt/sugar solution?

A

Water is lost by osmosis
Cytoplasm shrinks
Cell becomes crenated

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11
Q

What happens to plant cells if they are placed in water?

A

Absorb water by osmosis
Become turgid
Cell wall prevents bursting

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12
Q

What happens to plant cells if they are placed in very strong salt/sugar solution?

A

Water is lost by osmosis
Cytoplasm shrinks
Cell becomes flaccid

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13
Q

Describe how the gills of a fish are adapted for gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Thin gill walls - short diffusion distance
Good blood supply - maintains concentration gradient

Blood capillaries are close to water - short diffusion distance
Counter current flow - blood and water flow in opposite directions.

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14
Q

Describe how the small intestine wall is adapted for rapid diffusion

A

Villi - increase surface area
Good blood supply - maintains concentration gradient

Close blood supply - short diffusion distance
Thin walls - short diffusion distance

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15
Q

How is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube calculated?

A

Surface area = 6 (width x length)

Volume = length x width x depth

Ratio = surface area / volume

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16
Q

What happens to the surface area to volume ratio as an organism gets bigger?

A

SA:V gets smaller
Organism needs to develop a gas exchange system and circulation system

17
Q

Define active transport

A

Movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

18
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted to absorb mineral ions?

A

Large surface area

Lots of mitochondria to provide energy

19
Q

Name the chemical absorbed by the roots by active transport

A

Mineral ions eg nitrate

20
Q

Name a molecule absorbed by active transport in the gut

A

Sugar

21
Q

Give a difference between diffusion and active transport

A

Active transport requires energy whereas diffusion does not

Active transport moves molecules from a low concentration to a higher concentration whereas diffusion moves molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

22
Q

Give a difference between osmosis and diffusion

A

Osmosis is the movement of water whereas diffusion is the movement of any chemical

23
Q

State the equation for working out percentage change in mass

A

change in mass
x 100

initial mass

24
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted to absorb water?

A

Large surface area

25
Q

Name the specialised cell shown in the diagram

A

Root hair cell

26
Q

Name the structure shown in the diagram below

A

Alveolus

27
Q

How is the alveolus adapted for gas exchange?

A

Large surface area

Rich blood supply

Close blood capillaries

Lung continuous ventilated

28
Q

How is the villus adapted for the absorption of digested food?

A

Large surface area

Rich blood supply

Close blood capillaries

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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