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1. GCSE combined master > B10 Cell division > Flashcards

B10 Cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA
Contain large number of genes

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2
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that codes for a protein

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a human body cell?

A

46 chromosomes

or

23 pairs of chromosomes

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4
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete (sperm and eggs)

A

23

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5
Q

What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

A

DNA replication
Mitosis
Cell division

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6
Q

Name two types of cell division

A

Mitosis
Meiosis

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7
Q

When is mitosis used?

A

Growth and repair
Produces genetically identical cells

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8
Q

When is meiosis used?

A

Produce gametes (sperm and eggs)

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9
Q

Describe what happens in mitosis

A

One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell

Nucleus divides

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Two genetically identical cells are made

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10
Q

What happens in the cell before it divides?

A

Grows
Increase number of sub-cellular structures eg mitochondria, ribosomes etc.
DNA replicates

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11
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

Undifferentiated cell which is capable of producing lots of identical cells by mitosis.

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12
Q

What is special about the stem cells found in the embryo?

A

Cells can be cloned
Cells can then differentiate into most different types of cell

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13
Q

Name two conditions that could be treated by using embryonic stem cells.

A

Diabetes
Paralysis

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14
Q

What is the function of stem cells in adult bone marrow?

A

Replace dead and damaged cells.
Eg blood cells

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15
Q

What is the function of the stem cells in plant meristems?

A

Mitosis

Cells then differentiate into any type of plant cell

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16
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

Embryo is produced with same genetic makeup as patient.
These cells can be used to treat medical conditions
Cells will not be rejected by the patient

17
Q

What are the advantages of cloning plants using meristem stem cells?

A

Produce clones quickley and ecconomically

Can prevent rare plants becoming extinct
Produce large number of plants with favourable characteristics.
Produce identical plants for research

18
Q

What are the issues associated with the use of embryonic stem cells.

A

Stem cells obtained from aborted embryos - ethical and religious objection

Adult stem cells infected with virus could transfer infections to patients.

If donor stem cells are genetically different to patient it could cause rejection.

Development of stem cell therapies is slow, expensive and difficult

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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