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1. GCSE combined master > B16 Homeostasis > Flashcards

B16 Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the term homeostasis mean?

A

Regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions

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2
Q

Name three factors that are controlled by the endocrine system

A

Blood glucose concentration

Body temperature

Water levels

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3
Q

Name the type of organ found in the endocrine system

A

Glands

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4
Q

Name the chemical released from endocrine glands

A

Hormones

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5
Q

What is the role of a coordinator?

A

Receive and process information from receptors

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6
Q

What is the role of a coordinator?

A

Receive and process information from receptors

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7
Q

Why is it important that homeostasis works?

A

Maintains optimum conditions for enzymes and all cell functions

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8
Q

What is the role of an effector?

A

Muscles or glands that bring about responses which restore optimum conditions

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9
Q

How do hormones travel through the body?

A

Bloodstream

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10
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled A

A

Pituitary gland

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11
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled B

A

Thyroid gland

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12
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled C

A

Adrenal gland

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13
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled D

A

Pancreas

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14
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled E

A

Ovaries

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15
Q

Name the endocrine gland labelled F

A

Testes

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16
Q

Give two differences between the endocrine system and nervous system

A

Endocrine system is slower
Endocrine system effects last for longer

17
Q

What is a target organ?

A

Target organ produces an effect when the hormone attaches to the cells.

18
Q

Name the master gland of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

19
Q

Name the organ that monitors and controls the blood glucose concentration

A

Pancreas

20
Q

When does the pancreas release insulin?

A

When the blood glucose concentration is too high

21
Q

What effect does insulin have on the body?

A

Reduces the blood glucose concentration

22
Q

Name the target organs for insulin

A

Liver and muscles

23
Q

What effect does insulin have on the liver and muscles?

A

Remove excess glucose from the blood
Excess glucose is stored as glycogen

24
Q

How is type I diabetes treated?

A

Insulin

25
Q

What causes type I diabetes?

A

Pancreas fails to release sufficient insulin

26
Q

What is a symptom of type I diabetes?

A

Uncontrolled high blood glucose concentration

27
Q

How is type 2 diabetes treated?

A

Carbohydrate controlled diet
Increase in exercise

28
Q

What causes type 2 diabetes?

A

Liver and muscles do not respond to insulin

29
Q

Name the hormone released when blood glucose concentration is too low.(HT)

A

Glucagon

30
Q

Name the gland that produces glucagon (HT)

A

Pancreas

31
Q

What effect does glucagon have on the muscles and liver (HT)

A

Glycogen is converted into glucose
Glucose is released into the blood

32
Q

Name the organ that releases thyroxine (HT)

A

Thyroid gland

33
Q

What does thyroxine control in the body? (HT)

A

Controls the body’s metabolic rate, growth and development

34
Q

How is the release of thyroxine controlled by negative feedback? (HT)

A

Levels of thyroxine fall - detected by receptors in the brain
Pituitary gland release thyroxine stimulating hormone (TSH)
More thyroxine release by thyroid gland
Blood thyroxine returns to normal level

35
Q

Name the gland that releases adrenaline (HT)

A

Adrenal glands

36
Q

What effect does adrenalin have on the body? (HT)

A

Released when stressed
Increase in heart and breathing rate
Stored glycogen converted to glucose
Dilation of pupils
Increased metal awareness
Blood diverted from digestive system to muscles

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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