B4 Respiration Flashcards
Name 2 chemicals needed for aerobic respiration.
Glucose and oxygen
Why do all cells need to respire?
Release energy.
How are chemical reactions controlled in cells?
Enzymes
In which part of a cell does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Is respriation an endothermic reaction or exothermic rection?
Exothermic (energy is released)
Which of the following statements is correct?
Respiration takes place in animals only.
Respiration takes place in plants only.
Respiration takes place in plants and animals
Respiration takes place in all plant and animal cells
The word equation for aerobic respiration is:
Glucose + oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water + energy
Name the two chemicals made during respiration.
Carbon dioxide and water
What do animals use the energy released in respiration for?
Build large molecules from small molecules.
Muscle contraction
Maintain a constant body temperature (birds and mammals).
Active transport
What happens to the heart rate when a person exercises?
Heart rate increases.
What happens to your breathing when you exercise?
Breathing rate increases.
Depth of breathing increases.
Why does breathing and heart rate increase when you exercise?
Increase the amount of oxygen (and glucose) delivered to the muscles for aerobic respiration.
Allows a greater rate of respiration
Increases the amount of energy available for muscle contraction
Which type of respiration happens when there is
insufficient oxygen reaching the muscles?
Anaerobic respiration
Name the chemical formed in anaerobic respiration in human cells.
Lactic acid
Which type of respiration releases the most energy?
Aerobic respiration.
What is an oxygen debt?
The oxygen needed to react with the lactic acid ad remove it from cells.
Breathing rate remain high after exercsie to provide this oxygen
What happens to muscles if there is a build up of lactic acid?
Muscles become fatigued.
Muscles stop contracting efficiently.
Name the two types of respiration.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Give two differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration releases LESS energy than aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen whereas aerobic respiration uses oxygen
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid whereas aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.
Name the chemical with the following formula
C6 H12 O6
Glucose
Name the chemicals with the following formulae
H2O
CO2
O2
H2O Water
CO2 Carbon dioxide
O2 Oxygen
Give the equation of anaerobic respiration in humans
Glucose –> lactic acid
Give the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast and plant cells
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Give another term used for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
Fermentation
Why is fermentation important?
Used in the manufacture of
Bread
Alcoholic drinks
What happens to the lactic acid made in anaerobic respiration in humans (Higher)
Transported to the liver
In the blood
Lactic acid converted back to glucose.
What does the term metabolism mean?
All the reactions in a cell or in the body
Name three chemicals made from glucose during metabolism
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
In metabolism lipids can be made.
Name the two chemicals needed to make a lipid.
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
What happens to excess amino acids in an animal?
Broken down to for urea
Urea is excreted in urine
In metabolism amino acids can be made.
Name the two chemicals needed to make an amino acid
Nitrate ions
Glucose
Name the building block of proteins
Amino acids
What is trhe energy released during respriation used for?
Syntheis of new molecules in metabolism
