B5 Non communicable disease

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that is not infectious and cannot be transferred from person to person

Question 2

What is meant by the term risk factor?

Answer 2

A risk factor increases the chance of getting a disease

Question 3

Name three risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 3

Poor diet
Increased smoking
Lack of exercise

Question 4

Which organs are damaged by alcohol?

Answer 4

Liver
Brain

Question 5

Name a disease that obesity is a risk factor for

Answer 5

Type 2 diabetes

Question 6

Name a risk factor for lung disease and lung cancer

Answer 6

Smoking

Question 7

Give an example of a carcinogen and what effect can this have on the body?

Answer 7

Ionising radiation
Risk factor for cancer

Question 8

Smoking and the use of alcohol can have an effect on unborn babies.

True or false

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Give a description of cancer

Answer 9

Changes to cells leads to uncontrolled growth and division

Question 10

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 10

Growth of abnormal cells

Contained in one area usually within a membrane

Benign tumours do not invade other parts of the body

Question 11

What is a malignant tumour?

Answer 11

Cancer

Malignant cells invade neighbouring tissues

Spread to different parts of the body in the blood

Form secondary tumours.

Question 12

What damage does alcohol cause?

Answer 12

Cirrhosis of the liver
Liver cancer
Brain damage
Damages unborn babies

Question 13

Define health

Answer 13

State of physical and mental well-being

Question 14

List the factors that have a profound effect on physical and mental health

Answer 14

Diet

Stress

Question 15

Why is a person with HIV more likley to suffer from infectious diseases?

Answer 15

HIV destroys white blood cells

White blood cells protect the body

Loss of white blood cells means body cannot produce antitoxins or antibodies

Cells can be damaged or killed by the pathogen

Question 16

Severe physical ill health can lead to …..

Answer 16

depression and other mental illnesses

Question 17

Give an example of an allergy

Answer 17

Skin rashes

Asthma

Question 18

What can cause an allergy?

Answer 18

Initial immune response to a pathogen

Question 19

Give two factors that can affect unborn babies

Answer 19

Smoking

Alcohol

Question 20

How can cardiovascular disease be treated?

Answer 20

Stents
Statins
Mechanical heart
Heart transplant

Question 21

Name a drug used to treat cardiovascular disease

Answer 21

Statin

Question 22

Why does coronary heart disease lead to the death of heart cells?

Answer 22

Coronary arteries narrowed by fatty material

Less blood flow to heart cells

Less oxygen delivered to the heart cells.

Heart cells die

Question 23

How do statins reduce the effects of coronary heart disease?

Answer 23

Statins reduce blood cholesterol

Reduces the build up of fatty material in the coronary arteries

Question 24

How do stents treat coronary heart disease?

Answer 24

Stents are used to keep coronary arteries open

Question 25

What are the consequence of a faulty heart valve?

Answer 25

Prevents the valve opening fully

Reduces the volume of blood leaving the heart

Heart valve might leak

Blood flows in the wrong direction through the heart

Question 26

How is a person with a faulty heart valve treated?

Answer 26

Valve is replaced with a biological valve or a mechanical valve

Question 27

When is an artificial heart used?

Answer 27

Keep patient alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant

or

To allow the heart to rest to aid recovery

Question 28

How can a person with heart failure be treated?

Answer 28

Heart transplant

or

Heart and lungs transplant