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1. GCSE combined master > B6a Communicable (infectious) disease > Flashcards

B6a Communicable (infectious) disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes infectious disease

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2
Q

Name two diseases caused by bacteria

A

Gonorrhoea
Salmonella

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3
Q

Give the symptoms of Gonorrhoea

A

Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis
Pain on urination

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4
Q

How is Gonorrhoea treated?

A

Antibiotics eg penicillin

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5
Q

How can the spread of gonorrhoea be reduced?

A

Use barrier methods of contraception eg condom

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6
Q

Give the symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

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7
Q

How do bacteria make you ill?

A

Damage cells
Produce toxins

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8
Q

How can you get infected by salmonella?

A

Spread by bacteria in food, especially chicken

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9
Q

How can the spread of salmonella be reduced?

A

Cook food to a high temperature - kills bacteria
Good hygiene eg wash hands/surfaces before preparing food
Vaccinate poultry against salmonella

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10
Q

Give the common name for the disease caused by salmonella bacteria

A

Food poisoning

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11
Q

Name the type of pathogen that causes rose black spot

A

Fungi

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

A

Purple or black spots on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop off

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13
Q

How is rose black spot spread from plant to plant?

A

Water
Wind

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14
Q

How can rose black spot be treated?

A

Fungicides - kill fungi
Remove and destroy affected leaves

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15
Q

Why does rose black spot affect the growth of a plant?

A

Reduces photosynthesis
As less chlorophyll in leaves
Reduces amount of glucose made
Reduces growth of plant

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16
Q

Name three disease caused by viruses

A

Measles
HIV/AIDS
Tobacco mosaic disease

17
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Fever
Red skin rash
Can be fatal

18
Q

How is measles spread from person to person?

A

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs

19
Q

How can the number of people who are infected be reduced?

A

Vaccination
Isolation of those infected

20
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

A

Flu like symptoms

21
Q

Which cells do HIV viruses destroy?

A

White blood cells

22
Q

How is HIV transmitted between people?

A

Sexual contact
Exchange of body fluids eg used needles for injecting drugs

23
Q

How can HIV be treated?

A

Antiretroviral drugs

24
Q

What are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

A

Decolouration of leaves (yellow and green patches)

25
Q

Why are TMV infected plants shorter than uninfected plants?

A

Reduces photosynthesis
As less chlorophyll in leaves
Less light absorbed
Reduces amount of glucose made
Reduces growth of plant

26
Q

Name a disease caused by a protist

A

Malaria

27
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal

28
Q

How does a person become infected with the malaria?

A

Protist spread by mosquito
Protist injected into human when mosquito bites

29
Q

How can the spread of malaria be reduced?

A

Use mosquito nets to prevent mosquitos biting
Use insecticides to kill mosquitos
Drain land as mosquitos breeding in water
Use insect repellent

30
Q

Give three ways in which the spread of disease can be reduced

A

Good hygiene
Isolation of infected individuals
Vaccination

31
Q

Name the 4 groups of pathogens

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Protist
Virus

32
Q

Name two types of pathogen that can reproduce rapidly in the body

A

Bacteria
Viruses

33
Q

How do viruses cause us to become ill?

A

Live and reproduce in human cells
Cause cell damage

34
Q

What is the name for late stage HIV infection?

A

AIDS

35
Q

When does HIV change into AIDS?

A

Immune system badly damaged
Immune system cannot deal with other infections and cancers

36
Q

Name a crop plant that can be infected by tobacco mosaic virus

A

Tomatoes

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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