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1. GCSE combined master > B12a DNA structure > Flashcards

B12a DNA structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the genetic information stored?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Name the chemical found in the genetic material

A

DNA

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3
Q

Name the molecule shown in the picture

A

DNA

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4
Q

Name the shape of a DNA molecule

A

Double helix

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5
Q

Why is DNA described as a double helix?

A

Two strands

Twisted into a helix shape

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6
Q

Describe the shape of the molecule shown in the picture

A

Double helix

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7
Q

Define the term gene

A

Small section of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

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8
Q

Name the structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

Define the term genome

A

Entire genetic material of the organism

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10
Q

Why is a knowledge of the human genome important?

A

Improve medicine in the future

Search for genes linked to different types of disease

Understand and treat inherited disorders

Use to trace human migration patterns from the past

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11
Q

Name the four bases found in DNA

A

G (Guanine)

C (Cytosine)

T (Thymine)

A (Adenine)

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12
Q

How many different nucleotides are needed to make DNA?

A

4

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13
Q

Name the 3 chemical components of a DNA nucleotide

A

Sugar

Phosphate group

Base

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14
Q

Name the structure shown in the diagram

A

Nucleotide

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15
Q

DNA is a polymer.

What does this mean?

A

Made of lots of nucleotides joined together

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16
Q

How many bases are needed to code for an amino acid

A

Three

17
Q

What does the order of the bases on DNA code for?

A

The sequence of amino acids needed to produce a particular protein

18
Q

The backbone of DNA consists of two groups.

What are they?

A

Sugar and phosphate

19
Q

To which molecule in the DNA backbone is the base attached to?

A

Sugar

20
Q

Which base is complementary to C (cytosine)?

A

G (Guanine)

21
Q

Which base is complementary to adenine?

A

T (thymine)

22
Q

Name the sub-cellular structure on which proteins are made

A

Ribosome

23
Q

Name three types of protein made in the cell

A

Hormone

Enzyme

Collagen

24
Q

Describe how proteins are made in the cell

A

DNA in a gene unwinds to form 2 strands

One strand is copied to make messenger RNA (mRNA)

The mRNA diffuses into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome

Ribosome reads the code on the mRNA

Ribosome ensure that the correct sequence of amino acids are joined together

To form a protein

25
Q

How many amino acids are coded for by this piece of DNA?

A

Two

(Three bases are requited code for one amino acid)

26
Q

The base sequence in DNA can be changed.

What is this called?

A

Mutation

27
Q

What happens to a protein once it has been made on the ribosome?

A

Folds to form a unique shape

This shape enables the protein to do its job

28
Q

When do mutation occur?

A

Continuously

29
Q

Most mutations change the protein made.

True or false

A

False

30
Q

A mutation changes the shape of collagen

What effect will this have?

A

Shape of collagen changes

Collagen loses its strength

31
Q

A mutation changes the shape of an enzyme.

What effect will this have in the cell?

A

Shape of active site changes

Substrate no longer fits in the active site

Enzyme does not function

32
Q

What is the function of non-coding DNA?

A

Does not code for a protein

Can switch genes on and off

Mutations can change how genes are expressed

33
Q

What change is made to the DNA in a mutation?

A

The base sequence

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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