B11b Hormones in human reproduction

Question 1

Name the main female reproductive hormone

Answer 1

Oestrogen

Question 2

Name the gland that releases oestrogen

Answer 2

Ovary

Question 3

After puberty eggs being to mature and one is released

approximately every 28 days,

What is the release of an egg called?

Answer 3

Ovulation

Question 4

Name the main male reproductive hormone

Answer 4

Testosterone

Question 5

Name the gland that releases testosterone

Answer 5

Testes

Question 6

What effect does testosterone have on the testis?

Answer 6

Stimulate sperm production

Question 7

Give two effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 7

Causes an egg to mature
Stimulates the ovary to release oestrogen

Question 8

What effect does luteinising hormone (LH) have on the body?

Answer 8

Causes ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary)

Question 9

What effect do oestrogen and progesterone have on the uterus?

Answer 9

Maintains the uterus lining

Question 10

What do oral contraceptives contain?

Answer 10

Hormones that inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature

Question 11

How does slow release progesterone prevent pregnancy?

Answer 11

Inhibits an egg maturing and prevents the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 12

How can slow release progesterone be administered?

Answer 12

Injection or implant or skin patch

Question 13

Name 2 types of barrier contraception

Answer 13

Condom
Diaphragm

Question 14

How do barrier contraceptives prevent pregnancy?

Answer 14

Prevent sperm reaching the egg

Question 15

How do intrauterine devices prevent pregnancy?

Answer 15

Prevent the implantation of an embryo
Prevents release a hormone

Question 16

How so spermicides prevent pregnancy?

Answer 16

Kill or disable the sperm

Question 17

Males and females can be sterilised.

What does this mean?

Answer 17

Surgical method to prevent pregnancy
Males - sperm ducts are tied or cut
Female - oviducts are tied

Question 18

Give natural way of controlling pregnancy

Answer 18

Abstaining from intercourse when an egg may be in the oviduct

Question 19

Why might a female be treated with FSH and LH?

Answer 19

Increase fertility

Question 20

Give an outline of IVF treatment

Answer 20

Mother given FSH and L to stimulate the maturation of several eggs
Eggs are collected from the mother and fertilised by sperm from the father in the laboratory
The fertilised eggs develop into embryos
One or two embryos are inserted into the mother’s uterus

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of IVF treatment?

Answer 21

Emotionally and physically stressful
Success rates are not high
Can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both babies and the mother

Question 22

What is the function of reproductive hormones during puberty?

Answer 22

Males - development of secondary sexual characteristics
Females - development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of eggs.

Question 23

Describe the events of the menstrual cycle

Answer 23

Uterus lining thickens and eggs begin to mature in the ovaries.
An egg is released from one of the ovaries
Uterus lining remains thick
If the egg is fertilised, pregnancy may occur
If not, both the egg and uterus lining are shed during menstruation

Question 24

What is ovulation?

Answer 24

Release of an egg from the ovary

Question 25

Name the gland that releases FSH and LH

Answer 25

Pituitary gland

Question 26

What effect does oestrogen have in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 26

Causes the uterus lining to thicken
Stimulates the production of LH
Inhibits the release of FSH

Question 27

What is contraception?

Answer 27

Method of preventing pregnancy

Question 28

What are the advantages of IVF?

Answer 28

Allows infertile couples to have children
Can store a woman’s eggs for later

Question 29

What is negative feedback? (Higher)

Answer 29

Type of control where the body responds to an increase r decrease in a factor by returning it to the optimum level