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1. GCSE combined master > B1 Cells > Flashcards

B1 Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Name structure A

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

Name the liquid found in vacuoles

A

Cell sap

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3
Q

Where do chemical reactions happen in cells?

A

Cytoplasm.

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4
Q

Name structure E

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Name the chemical found in plant cell walls.

A

Cellulose

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6
Q

What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

A

Plant cell

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7
Q

Name the sub-cellular structure where respiration happens.

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

Where are proteins made in the cell?

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Name structure C

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Strengthen the cell.

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11
Q

Which type of microscope has been used to take this photograph?

A

Light microscope

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12
Q

Which type of cell is shown in the diagram?

A

Animal cell

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13
Q

Define diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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14
Q

Name structure D

A

Cell membrane

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15
Q

Red blood cells are specialised cells.

Give two ways in which this cell is adapted for its function.

A

Haemoglobin - red pigment
No nucleus
Biconcave shape

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

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17
Q

Name structure E

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

Name the sub-cellular structure where photosynthesis takes place.

A

Chloroplast

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19
Q

Are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic.

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20
Q

Name structure B

A

Ribosome

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21
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells performing a particular function

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22
Q

Describe and explain 2 adaptations shown by muscle cells.

A

Have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for the cell to contract.
Contain lots of protein fibres which make the cell contract.

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23
Q

Name the type of microscope that gives high magnification and resolution.

A

Electron microscope.

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24
Q

Put the following terms in order of size starting with the smallest.
Tissue Organ system Cell Organ

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system

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25
Q

Name an organ found in the circulatory system.

A

Heart
Vein
Artery

26
Q

Give 2 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain sub-cellular structures.

27
Q

Name the tissue used to transport sugar solution in a plant and
describe how it is adapted.

A

Phloem
Column of cells
Sieve plates (holes in the cell walls) allow sugar solution to move
Very few sub-cellular structure to allow sugar to move

28
Q

Which type of cell contains plasmids?

A

Bacteria or prokaryotic cells

29
Q

Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic

30
Q

Name the structures found in an animal cell? There are 5 structures.

A

Cell membrane,

cytoplasm,

nucleus,

mitochondria,

ribosomes

31
Q

Is this cell eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Prokaryote

32
Q

Name structure A

A

Cell wall

33
Q

Name 3 structures found in plant cells but not animal cells.

A

Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell wall

34
Q

What is the function of a plasmid?

A

Carries extra genes that help the bacterium survive

35
Q

Give 2 adaptations shown by sperm cells.

A

Tail - for swimming.
Nucleus contains half the normal number of chromosomes.
Lots of mitochondria - to provide energy needed.

36
Q

Name a substance that diffuses into a cell.

A

Oxygen or glucose

37
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell and describe how it is adapted?

A

Absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
Long hair increases the surface area in contact with the soil

38
Q

Name structure D

A

Chloroplast

39
Q

What is the function of white blood cells and how are they adapted?

A

Protect the body from infection.
Change shape to engulf bacteria
Lots of ribosomes to make antibodies and antitoxins

40
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell? How is it adapted?

A

Communication/ send electrical impulses around the body.
Long axon which transmits electrical impulses

41
Q

Describe the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell.

A

Single DNA loop.
It is not found in a nucleus.

42
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls the cells activities.

43
Q

Name a chemical that diffuses out of cells.

A

Urea
Carbon dioxide.

44
Q

Name structure C

A

Ribosome

45
Q

Give two differences between plant and animal cells.

A

Plants cells have a cell wall whereas animal cells do not.
Plant cells have a vacuole whereas animals cells do not.
Some plant cells contain chloroplasts whereas animal cells do not.

46
Q

Name a type of cell that is prokaryote.

A

Bacteria

47
Q

How is the magnification of a light microscope calculated?

A

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

48
Q

Give the name of the chemical that stains starch.

A

Iodine.

49
Q

What are the advantages of using a electron microscope rather than an light microscope?

A

Greater magnification
Greater resolution

50
Q

Name the type of microscope shown on the photograph

A

Electron microscope

51
Q

Give the equation used to calculate magnification of an image.

A

Magnification = size of image / size of real object

52
Q

Give three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells contain plasmids
Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall but it is not made of cellulose

53
Q

Name structure B

A

Mitochondria

54
Q

Name the type of microscope shown on the photograph

A

Light or optical microscope

55
Q

Name the tissue that transports water through a plant and describe how it is adapted for this function

A

Xylem
Hollow column of cells
No cytoplasm
Lignin in cell walls
No cross walls

56
Q

Describe how to use a microscope to view a specimen

A

Place slide on the stage
Check light is passing through the microscope,
Select the objective lens with the smallest Magnificat
Use the focus wheel to move the objective lens as close to the stage as possible.
Look down the microscope and using the focus wheel focus on the object.
Select the objective lens required

57
Q

Name structure F

A

Vacuole

58
Q

Describe how you would prepare a slide of onion cells to view under the microscope

A

Place a drop of water on the slide
Place thin layer of onion epidermis on the water
Add stain / iodine
Lower the coverslip using a mounted needle onto the specimen

59
Q

Why does the tissue need to be thin in order to view it under the microscope?

A

To allow light to pass through
Only one cell thick

60
Q

Why is a stain used when preparing a tissue sample to view under the microscope?

A

Allows you to see sub-cellular structures more easily
Allows you to see transparent structures

1. GCSE combined master (25 decks)

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