B5 - Life goes on

Question 1

What do ovaries do?

Answer 1

Ovaries make eggs.

Question 2

What do fallopian tubes do?

Answer 2

Fallopian tubes carry the eggs to the uterus.

Question 3

What happens in the vagina?

Answer 3

The foetus grows and develops.

Question 4

What do the testes do?

Answer 4

The testes make sperm.

Question 5

What does a scrotum do?

Answer 5

A scrotum holds the testes outside of the body.

Question 6

What do sperm ducts do?

Answer 6

Sperm ducts carry sperm to the penis.

Question 7

Why are the ovaries and testes called endocrine glands?

Answer 7

They produce hormones.

Question 8

What hormone do the ovaries produce?

Answer 8

Ovaries produce oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 9

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 9

Testosterone is produced in the testes.

Question 10

What is ovulation?

Answer 10

Ovulation is the release of an egg.

Question 11

What is menstruation?

Answer 11

Menstruation is when the uterus lining is shed.

Question 12

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 12

FSH stands for follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 13

What does FSH do?

Answer 13

FSH stimulates an egg to mature inside a follicle in the ovary.

Question 14

What does LH stand for?

Answer 14

LH stands for luteinising hormone.

Question 15

What does LH do?

Answer 15

LH controls the release of an egg.

Question 16

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 16

Oestrogen causes the repair of the uterus wall.

Question 17

What does progesterone do?

Answer 17

Progesterone maintains the uterus wall after ovulation.

Question 18

What happens to progesterone levels if an egg is fertilised?

Answer 18

The levels of progesterone remain high.

Question 19

How much FSH is produced if an egg is fertilised?

Answer 19

No FSH is produced.

Question 20

Which hormone acts as negative feedback to control FSH production?

Answer 20

Oestrogen is a negative feedback mechanism that controls FSH production.

Question 21

What is fertilisation?

Answer 21

Fertilisation is when a sperm fuses with an egg.

Question 22

What are the causes of infertility?

Answer 22

• blockage of sperm ducts
• blockage of fallopian tubes
• eggs aren’t released from the ovary
• insufficient fertile sperm being produced in the testes

Question 23

How can the development of a foetus be checked?

Answer 23

The development of a foetus can be checked through a:

• scan to show whether growth and development are in the normal range
• sample of the fluid surrounding the foetus to check for genetic abnormalities

Question 24

What does infertile mean?

Answer 24

Infertility is not being able to have children.

Question 25

What happens if there is not enough FSH produced?

Answer 25

If there is not enough FSH produced then the follicles do not develop eggs.

Question 26

What is surrogacy?

Answer 26

Surrogacy is using the egg and sperm from the two partners and planting the fertilized egg inside another woman who carries it to term.

Question 27

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 27

IVF stands for in vitro fertilisation.

Question 28

How does IVF work?

Answer 28

The egg is fertilised inside a test tube before being placed back in the mother.

Question 29

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 29

It involves directly inserting sperm into a woman’s womb.

Question 30

What are the ethical issues of fertility treatments?

Answer 30

• they are extremely expensive
• they have a low chance of success
• they don’t help with overpopulation
• they interfere with nature

Question 31

What is amniocentesis?

Answer 31

Amniocentesis is checking for foetal abnormalities during pregnancy.

Question 32

How does amniocentesis work?

Answer 32

A thin needle is guided by ultrasound through the abdomen into the amniotic fluid, where a sample of the fluid is taken so that the cells can be checked.