B5 - Life goes on Flashcards
What do ovaries do?
Ovaries make eggs.
What do fallopian tubes do?
Fallopian tubes carry the eggs to the uterus.
What happens in the vagina?
The foetus grows and develops.
What do the testes do?
The testes make sperm.
What does a scrotum do?
A scrotum holds the testes outside of the body.
What do sperm ducts do?
Sperm ducts carry sperm to the penis.
Why are the ovaries and testes called endocrine glands?
They produce hormones.
What hormone do the ovaries produce?
Ovaries produce oestrogen and progesterone.
Where is testosterone produced?
Testosterone is produced in the testes.
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the release of an egg.
What is menstruation?
Menstruation is when the uterus lining is shed.
What does FSH stand for?
FSH stands for follicle stimulating hormone.
What does FSH do?
FSH stimulates an egg to mature inside a follicle in the ovary.
What does LH stand for?
LH stands for luteinising hormone.
What does LH do?
LH controls the release of an egg.
What does oestrogen do?
Oestrogen causes the repair of the uterus wall.
What does progesterone do?
Progesterone maintains the uterus wall after ovulation.
What happens to progesterone levels if an egg is fertilised?
The levels of progesterone remain high.
How much FSH is produced if an egg is fertilised?
No FSH is produced.
Which hormone acts as negative feedback to control FSH production?
Oestrogen is a negative feedback mechanism that controls FSH production.
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is when a sperm fuses with an egg.
What are the causes of infertility?
- blockage of sperm ducts
- blockage of fallopian tubes
- eggs aren’t released from the ovary
- insufficient fertile sperm being produced in the testes
How can the development of a foetus be checked?
The development of a foetus can be checked through a:
- scan to show whether growth and development are in the normal range
- sample of the fluid surrounding the foetus to check for genetic abnormalities
What does infertile mean?
Infertility is not being able to have children.
What happens if there is not enough FSH produced?
If there is not enough FSH produced then the follicles do not develop eggs.
What is surrogacy?
Surrogacy is using the egg and sperm from the two partners and planting the fertilized egg inside another woman who carries it to term.
What does IVF stand for?
IVF stands for in vitro fertilisation.
How does IVF work?
The egg is fertilised inside a test tube before being placed back in the mother.
What is artificial insemination?
It involves directly inserting sperm into a woman’s womb.
What are the ethical issues of fertility treatments?
- they are extremely expensive
- they have a low chance of success
- they don’t help with overpopulation
- they interfere with nature
What is amniocentesis?
Amniocentesis is checking for foetal abnormalities during pregnancy.
How does amniocentesis work?
A thin needle is guided by ultrasound through the abdomen into the amniotic fluid, where a sample of the fluid is taken so that the cells can be checked.
