B2 - Cells Flashcards
how are new cells produced?
division of existing cells (cell division)
what is the function of ciliated cells?
movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
what is the function of root hair cells
absorption
what is the function of palisade mesophyll cells
photosynthesis
what is the function of neurones
conduction of electrical impulses
what is the function of red blood cells
transport of oxygen
what is the function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)
reproduction
formula for magnification
magnification = image size / actual size (I AM)
what are organisms that are made up of many millions of cells called?
multicellular organisms
what are organisms that are made up of just a single cell called?
unicellular organisms
ribosomes
proteins are made
cell membrane functiosn [4]
-holds cell together
-seperates cell from its surroundings
-partially permeable selective barrier
-controls what goes in and out of hte cell
nucleus functions [3]
-controls activities of the cell
-contains genetic information in chromosomes
-contains instructions to make new cells/organisms
mitochondria functions [2]
-respiration happens here
-has enzymes for respiration
cytoplasm functions [4]
-jelly like substance
-contains water
-contains dissolves substances (sugar and salts)
-has organelles (cell parts) where chemical reactions happen
cell wall functions [4]
-surrounds cell
-made of cellulose (tough fibre)
-makes the wall rigid
-supports cell
vacuole functions [3]
-contains cell sap (watery solution of sugar and salts)
-helps keep cell rigid
-rigid cell supports plant and keeps it upright
chloroplast functions [2]
-contains green chlorophyll (green parts of plant)
-photosynthesis happens here
what are 4 features of animal cells
-irregular circular shape
-not green
-no chloroplast
-no cell wall
what are 4 features of plant cells
-regular and fixed square shape
-green
-has chloroplast
-has rigid cell wall
what are prokaryotic cells?
cells that dont have membrane bound organelles
what are eukaryote cells?
cells that have membrane bound organelles
what are 3 membrane bound organelles
-nucleus
-mitochondria
-chloroplast
cell organisation smallest to biggest
cells –> tissues –> organ–> organ system –> organism
3 features of red blood cells
-no nucleus (more room for haemoglobin)
-bi-concave shape for a larger SA so absorption of oxygen can occur
-contains haemoglobin
2 features of ciliated cells
-extensions of the cytoplasm at surface of cell
-cilia (hair like structures) to move mucus and trapped particles up to the throat
2 features of palisade mesophyll
-lots of chloroplasts for max photosynthesis
-column shaped for maximum sunlight absorption (fit many layers on upper layer of leaf)
3 features of root hair cells
-thin walls to let water move through quicker
-root hair to increase SA for max absorption of water and mineral ions
-vacuole membrane
3 features of neurones
-extension of cytoplasm away from cell (axon) is covered in fatty sheath to insulate (blocks leakage) the nerve cell and speed up nerve impulses
-extensions and branches to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles, and glands
-long so that it can run to and from different parts of the body to central nervous system
4 features of sperm cell
-acrosome (tip of head) containing digestive enzymes so sperm can break through the egg
-acrosome also contains genetic material for fertilisation in haploid nucleus
-lots of mitochondria to release energy to swim and fertilise egg
-flagellum to allow sperm to swim
4 features of egg cell
-lots of cytoplasm that contains nutrients for growth of early embryo
-jelly coat that changes at fertilisation to allow the entry of the male nucleus but only allows 1 sperm to enter
-cell membrane that changes at fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperms can enter
-haploid nucleus containing generic information for fertilisation
1m = ???mm
1000
1mm=?? micro meters
1000
structure of plant cell [8]
-cell wall
-cell membrane
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-chloroplasts
-ribosomes
-mitochondria
-vacuoles
structure of animal cell [5]
-cell membrane
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-mitochondria
structure of bacteria cell [6]
-cell wall
-cel membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-circular DNA
-plasmids
