B2 - Cells

Question 1

how are new cells produced?

Answer 1

division of existing cells (cell division)

Question 2

what is the function of ciliated cells?

Answer 2

movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

Question 3

what is the function of root hair cells

Answer 3

absorption

Question 4

what is the function of palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 4

photosynthesis

Question 5

what is the function of neurones

Answer 5

conduction of electrical impulses

Question 6

what is the function of red blood cells

Answer 6

transport of oxygen

Question 7

what is the function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)

Answer 7

reproduction

Question 8

formula for magnification

Answer 8

magnification = image size / actual size (I AM)

Question 9

what are organisms that are made up of many millions of cells called?

Answer 9

multicellular organisms

Question 10

what are organisms that are made up of just a single cell called?

Answer 10

unicellular organisms

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

proteins are made

Question 12

cell membrane functiosn [4]

Answer 12

-holds cell together
-seperates cell from its surroundings
-partially permeable selective barrier
-controls what goes in and out of hte cell

Question 13

nucleus functions [3]

Answer 13

-controls activities of the cell
-contains genetic information in chromosomes
-contains instructions to make new cells/organisms

Question 14

mitochondria functions [2]

Answer 14

-respiration happens here
-has enzymes for respiration

Question 15

cytoplasm functions [4]

Answer 15

-jelly like substance
-contains water
-contains dissolves substances (sugar and salts)
-has organelles (cell parts) where chemical reactions happen

Question 16

cell wall functions [4]

Answer 16

-surrounds cell
-made of cellulose (tough fibre)
-makes the wall rigid
-supports cell

Question 16

vacuole functions [3]

Answer 16

-contains cell sap (watery solution of sugar and salts)
-helps keep cell rigid
-rigid cell supports plant and keeps it upright

Question 17

chloroplast functions [2]

Answer 17

-contains green chlorophyll (green parts of plant)
-photosynthesis happens here

Question 18

what are 4 features of animal cells

Answer 18

-irregular circular shape
-not green
-no chloroplast
-no cell wall

Question 19

what are 4 features of plant cells

Answer 19

-regular and fixed square shape
-green
-has chloroplast
-has rigid cell wall

Question 20

what are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 20

cells that dont have membrane bound organelles

Question 21

what are eukaryote cells?

Answer 21

cells that have membrane bound organelles

Question 22

what are 3 membrane bound organelles

Answer 22

-nucleus
-mitochondria
-chloroplast

Question 23

cell organisation smallest to biggest

Answer 23

cells –> tissues –> organ–> organ system –> organism

Question 24

3 features of red blood cells

Answer 24

-no nucleus (more room for haemoglobin) -bi-concave shape for a larger SA so absorption of oxygen can occur -contains haemoglobin

Question 25

2 features of ciliated cells

Answer 25

-extensions of the cytoplasm at surface of cell -cilia (hair like structures) to move mucus and trapped particles up to the throat

Question 26

2 features of palisade mesophyll

Answer 26

-lots of chloroplasts for max photosynthesis -column shaped for maximum sunlight absorption (fit many layers on upper layer of leaf)

Question 27

3 features of root hair cells

Answer 27

-thin walls to let water move through quicker -root hair to increase SA for max absorption of water and mineral ions -vacuole membrane

Question 28

3 features of neurones

Answer 28

-extension of cytoplasm away from cell (axon) is covered in fatty sheath to insulate (blocks leakage) the nerve cell and speed up nerve impulses -extensions and branches to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles, and glands -long so that it can run to and from different parts of the body to central nervous system

Question 29

4 features of sperm cell

Answer 29

-acrosome (tip of head) containing digestive enzymes so sperm can break through the egg -acrosome also contains genetic material for fertilisation in haploid nucleus -lots of mitochondria to release energy to swim and fertilise egg -flagellum to allow sperm to swim

Question 30

4 features of egg cell

Answer 30

-lots of cytoplasm that contains nutrients for growth of early embryo -jelly coat that changes at fertilisation to allow the entry of the male nucleus but only allows 1 sperm to enter -cell membrane that changes at fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperms can enter -haploid nucleus containing generic information for fertilisation

Question 31

1m = ???mm

Answer 31

1000

Question 32

1mm=?? micro meters

Answer 32

1000

Question 33

structure of plant cell [8]

Answer 33

-cell wall -cell membrane -nucleus -cytoplasm -chloroplasts -ribosomes -mitochondria -vacuoles

Question 34

structure of animal cell [5]

Answer 34

-cell membrane -nucleus -cytoplasm -ribosomes -mitochondria

Question 35

structure of bacteria cell [6]

Answer 35

-cell wall -cel membrane -cytoplasm -ribosomes -circular DNA -plasmids