B13.1 - Coordination and Response

Question 1

How do electrical impulses travel?

Answer 1

along neurones

Question 2

What is in the central nervous system?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what is in the perpheral nervous system?

Answer 3

NERVES outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what is the role of the nervous system?

Answer 4

coordination and regulation of body functions
(control your body, give feedback about the world)

Question 5

what is a reflex action?

Answer 5

automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with the responses of effectors

Question 6

what are sense organs?

Answer 6

groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli

Question 7

5 examples of stimuli

Answer 7

-light
-sound
-touch
-temperature
-chemicals

Question 8

how do voluntary responses work?

Answer 8

1) stimulus –> thing that causes a reaction (sand, hot pan, glass, etc)
2) receptor cells –> detects stimulus
3) sensory neurones –> pass nerve impulses to spinal cord
4) spinal cord
4.5) relay neurones pass impulses across spinal cord
5) brain
5.5) relay neurones pass impulses across brain
6) spinal cord
6.5) relay neurones pass impulses across spinal cord and to motor neurones
7) motor neurones –> pass impulses to the muscles
8) effector –> muscle or gland
9) response

Question 9

what do receptor cells do?

Answer 9

change stimulus into an impulse

Question 9

what is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 9

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 10

3 different types of neurones

Answer 10

-sensory
-relay
-motor

Question 11

job of sensory neurone

Answer 11

carry electrical impulses from receptor cells to the CNS

Question 12

job of relay neurone

Answer 12

carry electrical impulses from a sensory neurone to motor neurone

Question 13

job or motor neurone

Answer 13

carry electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors

Question 14

where is the nucleus located in a sensory neurone?

Answer 14

middle

Question 15

where is the nucleus located in a motor neurone?

Answer 15

beginning / end

Question 16

where are relay neurones found?

Answer 16

CNS only

Question 17

what is a coordinated response?

Answer 17

brain receives huge number of information from your sensory receptors all the time.
this information is processed and
results in a series of impulses being sent to different parts of the body, producing the required action.

Question 18

what are voluntary responses

Answer 18

responses that occur as you consciously decide you want to do something (electrical impulses go to the brain)

Question 19

what are involuntary responses

Answer 19

reflex actions
–> responses that we don’t think about, are automatic
–> don’t go to the brain (just spinal cord)

Question 20

when do reflex actions occur?

Answer 20

-breathing
-heart rate
-digestion
-danger
–> bright sunshine (squinting)
–> getting cut (pulling hand away)
–> dust in eye (blinking)
–> stress (adrenaline released)

Question 21

what is a simple reflex arc? (how do reflex actions occur)

Answer 21

1) stimulus –> thing that causes a reaction (sand, hot pan, glass, etc)
2) receptor cells –> detect stimulus
3) Sensory neurones –> pass nerve impulses to the spinal cord
4) spinal cord
5) relay neurones –> in spinal cord, passes nerve impulses across the spinal cord, to motor neurones
6) motor neurones –> passes nerve impulses to muscles (effectors)
7) effectors –> muscle or gland (contract or secrete)
8) response

Question 22

what does the brain do? [2]

Answer 22

-coordinates body functions
-receives impulses from sensory neurones (optic nerves)

Question 23

what are effectors?

Answer 23

muscle or gland that does an action in response to the change in the internal or external environment (stimuli)

Question 24

what does the central nervous system do?

Answer 24

coordinates the response of effectors

Question 25

what is a stimulus?

Answer 25

any change in the environment to which the body needs to respond

Question 26

what is a response?

Answer 26

any action, caused by the effector, that helps the organism to avoid the harmful situation

Question 27

what are receptors?

Answer 27

-found all over the body
-detect change
-initiate a signalling process within the body.

Question 28

components of the human nervous system

Answer 28

-brain
-spinal cord
-neurones