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Biology > B16.1 & B16.2 - Inheritance --> Chromosomes and genes & Cell division > Flashcards

B16.1 & B16.2 - Inheritance --> Chromosomes and genes & Cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

what are chromosomes made of?

A

dna

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2
Q

what do chromosomes contain?

A

genetic information in the form of genes

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3
Q

what are genes?

A

short length of DNA that codes for a protein

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4
Q

what is an allele

A

an alternative form of a gene

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5
Q

Whats a haploid nucleus?

A

nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes, not pairs)

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6
Q

what is a diploid nucleus?

A

nucleus containing 2 sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes, 23 pairs)

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7
Q

what is mitosis?

A

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

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8
Q

what are the roles of mitosis?

A

-growth
-repair of damaged tissues
-replacement of cels
-asexual reproduction

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9
Q

What occurs before mitosis?

A

exact replication of chromosomes

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10
Q

what happens during mitosis?

A

copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell

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11
Q

what is meiosis involved in the production?

A

gametes

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12
Q

what is meiosis?

A

reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

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13
Q

give 3 examples of haploid cells

A

-sex cells
-red blood cells
-gametes

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14
Q

what cells are diploid cells?

A

body cells

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15
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

long length of DNA

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15
Q

where are genes found?

A

on chromosomes

16
Q

what are 2 examples of alleles?

A

-eye colour
-hair colour

17
Q

what are the 2 new cells formed during mitosis called?

A

daughter cells

18
Q

what are parent cells and daughter cells to each other?

A

genetically identical

19
Q

how many cells are producing as a result of mitosis?

A

2

20
Q

type of cell division used for growth and repair is

A

mitosis

21
Q

where is dna found?

A

in the nucleus

22
Q

what are genes made of?

A

dna

23
Q

why is dna essential for life?

A

it determines all of our features and cell activity

24
Q

why is the replication of dna important?

A

allows genes to be passed on (be inherited)

25
Q

what determines the sex of the child?

A

type of sperm (x or y) joined with the egg

26
Q

what is a zygote

A

diploid cells resulting from the fusion of an egg and sperm

Biology (23 decks)

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