B11 - gas exchange in humans

Question 1

7 parts of the lung structure

Answer 1

-larynx
-treachea
-alveolus / alveoli
-bronchioles
-diaphragm
-lung
-bronchus / bronchi

Question 2

larynx

Answer 2

air passes through here during breathing and vocal chords are found here

Question 3

trachea

Answer 3

tube carrying air to and from the lungs
has C shaped rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing

Question 4

alveolus / alveoli

Answer 4

where gas exchange happens, its surrounded by capillaries

Question 5

bronchioles

Answer 5

small tubes transporting air between the bronchi and the alveoli

Question 6

diaphragm

Answer 6

sheet of muscle below the ribcage, involved in breathing / ventilation

Question 7

lung

Answer 7

large structures that provide the gas exchange surface, its protected by the rib cage

Question 8

bronchus / bronchi

Answer 8

2 smaller tubes transporting air between the trachea to the bronchioles

Question 9

exhaled air contains … then inhaled air [3]

Answer 9

-less oxygen (because oxygen has diffused from air in the alveoli into the blood)
-more carbon dioxide
-more water vapour (because theres moisture in lungs)

Question 9

what are 4 features of gas exchange surfaces in humans?

Answer 9

-large surface area
-thin surface
-good blood supply
-good ventilation with air

Question 9

what happens to your breathing when you exercise? [2]

Answer 9

-increase in rate of breathing
-increase in depth of breathing

Question 9

why does 2 things increase in your breath when you exercise? [5 (6)]

Answer 9

-When you exercise, your muscles work harder
-to work harder, they need more energy
-to get more energy, they need to do more respiration
-to do more respiration, they need more oxygen (and glucose)
-to get more oxygen, they need to take in more oxygen at the lungs by increasing breathing rate and depth of breathing
(for why the heart rate increases - to get the oxygen and glucose to the respiring cells faster, the heart must pump faster)

Question 10

why does 2 things increase in your breath when you exercise? (in terms of increase in carbon dioxide) [5]

Answer 10

-Muscle cell respiration increases so more oxygen is used and CO2 levels rise
-brain detects the increased CO2 and sends a signal to the lungs to increase breathing
-breathing rate and breathing depth increases (more gas exchange takes place)
-brain also sends a signal to the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped for the lungs for gas exchange
-More oxygenated blood gets to the muscles and more CO2 is removed

Question 10

deoxygenated blood

Answer 10

not much blood, lots of carbon dioxide

Question 10

oxygenated blood