Automatic flight Flashcards
Limit modes í autohrottle og pich modes eru FLAP LIM og SPD LIM en það er eitt limit mode sem er bara í autothrottle og það er….
ALPHA
The minimum speed limit automatically becomes active when the A/T command permits the speed to go below the critical minimum speed (__% above stall speed [V2])
30%
The TMC causes an ALPHA speed message when the airplanes speed is at or below Vref. The TMC calculates Vref as a function of AOA and then compares the calculated Vref with actual speed. This eliminates nuisance ALPHA speed messages when the airplane’s ____ is high.
AOA (angle of attack)
AFS stendur fyrir hvað og samanstendur af hverju?
Autoflight system; AFDS og A/T
AFDS stendur fyrir hvað?
Autopilot flight director system. (Bara F/D í daglegu tali). Þetta er hluti af AFS ásamt A/T.
TMSP stendur fyrir hvað?
Thrust Mode Selector Panel
The AFDS consists of three Flight Control Computers (FCCs) and the ___.
MCP
The MCP provides control of the autopilot, ____ director, _____ Alert, and Autothrottle systems
flight, altitude
Rudder commands are added only during a multiple autopilot approach, landing and ____.
rollout
During an ILS approach with all three autopilots engaged, separate ____ sources power the three FCCs.
electrical
Autopilot engagement requires at least 1/2/3 operable FCCs.
2
The left AC/DC bus normally powers the left and centre FCCs except during Autoland operations after Bus Isolation occurs.
AC
When the electrical busses are isolated for an automatic Landing, the Left/Centre/Right FCC receives power from the Hot Battery Bus and ___ ____.
Centre, Standby Inverter
If Left AC Bus power is lost inflight, the left and centre FCCs will be unpowered. With only the right FCC powered, no autopilots can be engaged; however, the ___ ____ _____ will operate.
right flight director
on the ground with no Autopilot engaged and FD OFF, the first FD switch turned ON activates the FD in the ___ mode.
TO
in flight with no autopilot engaged and FD OFF, turning the first FD switch ON engages the FD in ____ and HDG HOLD modes
V/S
Getur þú ráðið source fyrir F/D?
Já
autothrottle operates in what five switches are pushed?
EPR, SPD, VNAV, FLCH or GA switch pushed
Ef þú ýtir á EPR; autothrottle holds reference thrust value displayed on EICAS subject to ____ ____ limits
maximum speed
Speed window displays ___ kts when first powered on the ground.
200
Speed window; display range is: __-__ kts, 0.4-0.95 mach.
100-399 kts
Speed window; in climb changes from IAS to Mach at approximately ___ M.
.80
Speed window; in descent changes from Mach to IAS at approximately ___ KIAS.
300
descending in VNAV PTH, pitch mode changes to VNAV SPD. Selected speed maintained by ____ until airplane intercepts an altitude constraint and VNAV PTH re-engages. Although, if on approach, pitch mode remains in VNAV PTH and _____ controls speed.
pitch, autothrottle
VNAV; ef þú ýtur á VNAV þá; changes thrust reference from TO to ____ if above 400 ft RA (as installed).
CLB
FLCH; AFDS pitch holds what airspeed? and Autothrottle holds selected thrust for climb or idle thrust for descent.
existing airspeed
Hvað gerist fyrir HDG gluggann í MCP þegar þú nærð LOC í ILS ?
automatically changes to selected ILS front course heading at LOC capture.
Bank limit selector. Hvernig er þetta ef þú ert með AUTO og hvernig geturðu annars stillt manual?
Manual: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
Auto: Velur 15-25°
Vertical speed window; range is to fpm in 100 fpm increments
-8000; +6000
Hvað fer altitude window upp í mikið?
50,000
LOC and B/CRS modes are single autopilot functions only. Yes or no?
Yes
LOC capture will not occur if intercept track angle exceeds ___°
120°
G/S capture can occur when intercept track angle is within ___° of localiser course.
80°
APP switch; Gerir auto arm mögulegt á localiser og G/S ef þú ert undir ___ ft.
1500 ft
Þú losar þig úr APP mode ef þú ert með LOC captured en ekki G/S hvernig?
Velur annað roll mode.
Þú ert í APP mode, LOC og G/S captured. Hvernig losar þú þig úr APP mode?
Annað hvort A) GA mode eða
B) disengage A/P og báðir F/D off.
Command switch push; engages respective autopilot in CMD in active Flight Director mode(s) except TO and GA if either FD switch is ON. If both FD switches are OFF, autopilot engages in what lateral and vertical mode?
VS and HDG HOLD modes
When armed (not active), VNAV, LNAV, LOC, B/CRS and APP modes can/cannot be disarmed by pushing the mode switch a second time.
can
During single autopilot operation, failures affecting the active mode annunciate on the FMA. If the failure affects ONLY the active mode: The autopilot remains engaged in an _____-stabilising mode.
attitude. (Failures affecting ALL autopilot modes result in an autopilot disengagement)
Flight director; The steering indications are also displayed when the related flight director switch is OFF and a go-around switch is pushed, if airspeed is greater than 80 knots and what?
the flaps are not retracted.
AFDS Flight Mode Annunciations; AFDS/Autothrottle mode changes are emphasised for ___ seconds by a box (green) drawn around the word.
10
THR ____ - Thrust levers remain in existing position or where manually placed. The Autothrottle servos are de-energised.
HOLD
LNAV; In flight, selection causes immediate activation if within ___ nm of the active leg.
2½
ATT;
1. When the bank angle is less than ___ degrees, AFDS returns to wings level HDG HOLD.
2.When the bank angle is greater than 30 degrees, AFDS returns to ___ degrees of bank.
5, 30
Pushing either GA switch cancels all thrust de-rates if selected when?
after take-off
ROLLOUT (armed). Displays below ____ feet Radio Altitude and activates below __ feet.
1500, 5
Roll modes; LNAV, HDG, ___, LOC, B/CRS, TO, GA, ROLLOUT
ATT (altitude retention mode)
Pitch Modes: TO, GA, VNAV, V/S, SPD, ALT CAP, ALT HOLD, G/S og ____
Flare
TO mode; The flight director pitch bar indicates an initial pitch of approximately ___ degrees up.
8
After the reference thrust limit changes from takeoff to climb, GA arms whenever: flaps are out of up o at _____ ______.
glideslope capture
When a go-around is initiated the commanded speed is the MCP IAS/MACH window or _________, whichever is higher.
current airspeed
GA; If the airspeed increases and remains above the initial target airspeed for five seconds, target airspeed resets to current airspeed to a maximum of the IAS/MACH window speed plus ___ knots.
25
Pushing the V/S switch opens the vertical speed window and displays the current vertical speed. It also opens the ______ window (if blanked). _____ commands maintain the rate of climb or descent selected in the V/S window.
IAS/MACH, Pitch
ALT CAP mode; A transition manoeuvre entered automatically from a V/S, FLCH, or VNAV climb or descent to selected MCP altitude. Engages but does not annunciate during VNAV transition. Rétt eða rangt?
Rétt
FLARE mode í autoland; verður armed við ___ ft RA, activeitast í __ ft RA og deactivate’ast hvenær?
1500, 45, við touchdown.
ASA; A fault which limits the autopilot system, is shown as __ ___ ___ or NO AUTOLND
NO LAND 3
ASA; Hvenær færðu indications um faults sem þurfa ekki immediate crew action?
Eftir lendingu
Hvaða AFDS status annunciatora geturðu fengið í ASA?
Land 3, Land 2, No land 3 og No autoland
ASA; Hvað þýðir LAND 3?
Three autopilots engaged and operating normally for an automatic landing.
ASA; Hvað þýðir LAND 2?
AFDS redundancy reduced, in some cases only two autopilots available.
ASA; Hvað þýðir NO LAND 3?
Indicates a fault condition exists which results in a LAND 2 condition.
ASA; Hvað þýðir NO AUTOLND?
AFDS unable to make an automatic landing.
Í ASA, hvaða indication er fyrir fail passive auto landing og fail operational auto landing?
Fail operational: LAND 3
Fail passive: LAND 2 (single fault cannot cause significant deviation)
Ef að þú missir ILS signalið, mun ASA breytast?
Ekki endilega
ASA; Below ___ feet Radio Altitude the ASA display cannot change except to indicate a NO AUTOLND
200
The main functions of the Thrust management computer (TMC) are to 1. calculate thrust limits and settings or follow FMC thrust settings 2. detect and transmit ___ failures, 3. actuate thrust levers og 4. generate fast/slow indications for display on the ADIs.
autothrottle
Takeoff is a flight director only function and can only be engaged on the ____.
ground
Hvernig seturðu inn TO roll og pitch mode í pre-flight?
Með því að setja F/D switch á ON
F/D; í take off við ___ kts þá fer pitch command í __° upp.
80 kts, 8°
Í takeoff, FMAs display “___” for Autothrottle and “___” for both pitch and roll modes.
EPR, TO
If engine failure occurs on the ground, the pitch command target speed at lift-off is ___ or airspeed at liftoff, whichever is the greater, up to a maximum is ____ kt.
V2, V2 + 15
Runway alignment; Autopilot systems initiate a slip with a maximum bank angle of ___ degrees when the crab angle exceeds five degrees.
two
Hvenær virkist “wing levellin” út úr slip við lendingu í autolanding?
Þegar ROLLOUT mode virkist
Sumar vélar eru með engine-out autoland í boði að CAT ___ aðflugi?
CAT 3A (ekki B og C greinilega)
____ arms when (AUTO)LAND 3 or (AUTO)LAND 2 annunciates.
Flare
At approximately ___ feet Radio Altitude, the autopilots start the flare manoeuvre.
45
FLARE replaces the _____ pitch flight mode annunciation on the EADIs.
G/S
During flare: _____ replaces the SPD Autothrottle flight mode annunciation.
IDLE
During flare: Autopilots start lowering nose smoothly to the runway at 5 ft RA plus 2 seconds with pitch attitude less than ___ degrees.
2
Hvort trimmar hún meira upp í flare í AUTOLAND 2 eða 3?
Trimmar meira upp í AUTOLAND 2, gætir því þurft að setja forward control column force ef autopilotar eru teknir af. Ef það er go-around þá er þetta auka trim tekið af. Á sumum AUTOLAND 3 er ekkert trimmað upp meira að segja
GA level-off: At the selected altitude, the AFDS pitch flight mode annunciation changes to ALT CAP, then to ALT HOLD, and Autothrottle mode changes to ____.
SPD
Hverjar væru leiðirnar til að disengage GA mode undir 400’ RA ? En yfir 400’ RA ?
Undir 400: Disengage and turn off both F/D
Yfir 400: Velja annað roll eða pitc mode.
Windshear Recovery (as installed); With go-around armed, pushing a GA switch commands a pitch-up of ___ degrees
15
Hvaða eru textaskilaboðin sem eru send á milli flugvélar og ATC kölluð?
CPDLC
A/T; When engaged manually only two Autothrottle modes are available, what are they?
SPD and EPR.
When EPR mode is engaged the Autothrottle will advance to the limit currently selected on the ____.
TMSP
Geturðu tekið VOR lateral guidance með LOC mode?
Nei, LOC mode nær bara ILS.
ROLLOUT is a sub-mode of ___ mode
APP
Ef autopilotinn er að stríða þér varðandi hraða, t.d. í klifri ertu með svaka negative speed trend, hvað geturðu gert annað en að disconnecta og fljúga manual?
Select ALT HOLD until the vertical rate reduces to an acceptable level and speed is stabilised, and then select FLCH.
Hvað þarftu að passa þig á V/S mode varðandi flughæðir?
Þú getur flogið í burt frá settri flughæð í MCP, hefur þá ekki flughæðar protection (altitude capture) vernd eins VNAV og FLCH.
Vertical Navigation combines the features of both FLCH and ALT HOLD (plus ____ _____) under the control of the FMC
Autothrottle SPD. So VNAV can climb, cruise or descend the aircraft.
EADI pitch annunciation shows VNAV SPD during climb and VNAV PTH during cruise or descent. The Autothrottle annunciation in VNAV shows EPR in the climb, ____ in the cruise and _____ on commencing descent.
SPD, IDLE
Go around; utothrottle is automatically engaged in GA thrust, however once the rate of climb reaches _____ ft/min. the throttles retard to limit the climb to this figure.
2000
when EPR is engaged for takeoff (THR HOLD annunciated at 80 kts) the Autothrottle cannot transfer to Autothrottle SPD until ____ or other thrust limit is selected.
CLB
Hvað myndirðu gera ef þú værir í takeoff og A/T er í EPR mode áfram og áfram og hraðinn er að aukast á fullu?
In this case to control aircraft speed check CLB (usually CLB2) thrust has been selected, then select the command airspeed bug to VREF+80 (or any desired speed) and manually engage Autothrottle SPD.
Getur þú valið FLCH og autothrottle SPD á sama tíma?
Nei
If FLCH has been engaged and Autothrottle SPD is subsequently selected, FLCH disengages and the pitch mode reverts to the basic mode, which is
V/S
When descending in FLCH or VNAV, IDLE is annunciated on the EADI. Provision is made for pilot adjustment of the rate of descent by a sub-mode called
THR HOLD. Þá stoppar thrustið bara á ákveðnum stað. Þú getur þá manipulate’að descentið, dregið niður til að láta hana lækka hraðar og sett throttlur fram og þá lækkar hún hægar.
In a VNAV or FLCH descent, the dormant Autothrottle can be “woken up” if required by ….
cycling the Autothrottle ARM switch OFF then back to ARM again.
In a CRZ DES the pitch mode initially sets up a target rate of descent of ____ fpm
1000
Ef þú ert t.d. í 400’ í takeoff þá skiptir þetta máli; VNAV cannot engage if ______ is still annunciated
TO thrust. It is for this reason that the procedure on takeoff when reaching acceleration altitude is select CLB power, then VNAV.
Hvað af þessu er dual function modes? VS, GA, ALT HOLD, FLCH, APP, TO and VNAV
VNAV, FLCH, GA
Hvað af þessu er dual function modes? VS, GA, ALT HOLD, FLCH, APP, TO and VNAV
VNAV, FLCH, GA. Dual function mode þýðir að mode’ið sjálft er að virkja A/T
Transfer from a dual function mode to a single function pitch mode takes Autothrottle into ____ mode
SPD
Not considering any other possible aircraft malfunctions. What is the minimum touchdown landing RVR with NO AUTOLAND indicated on ASA?
75m, 200m, 300m or 550m?
550m
Not considering any other possible aircraft malfunctions. What is the minimum touchdown landing RVR with LAND 2 indicated on ASA?
75m, 200m, 300m or 550m?
200m
Not considering any other possible aircraft malfunctions. What is the minimum touchdown landing RVR with LAND 3 indicated on ASA?
75m, 200m, 300m or 550m?
75m
During cruize into LHR, ASA changes to indicate NO LAND3. LHR METAR indicates calm wind and a RVR of 200m. Considerations?
A) LHR is in LVO and therefore unusable for us. Plan for a diversion if LHR remains in LVO.
B)
Land 2 will be displayed at 1500ft RA. CATIIIa approach can be made. As long as RVR remains at or above 200m we can continue for approach into LHR
B)
Land 2 will be displayed at 1500ft RA. CATIIIa approach can be made. As long as RVR remains at or above 200m we can continue for approach into LHR
Cleared to climb from 6000ft to 8000ft. Using FLCH, the autothrottle will….
A) Increase thrust to maximum climb thrust.
B) Increase thrust to allow for a shallow climb
B) Increase thrust to allow for a shallow climb
During takeoff you rotate slower than you are used to resulting in a higher than normal initial climbout speed. The flight director is edging you to increase the pitch. What is the highest speed that the TO pitch mode commands?
V2+15
V Liftoff+15
V2+25
V Liftoff+25
V2+25
AFM Limitations; After takeoff, the autopilot must not be engaged below ___ feet AGL.
200
You are in the simulator. You get a engine failure at V1. What will the roll and pitch bar on the Flight director command?
A) Roll: Runway heading. Pitch: V2+15
B) Roll: Last ground track. Pitch: V2
C) Roll: Last ground track. Pitch: V2+15
B) Roll: Last ground track. Pitch: V2
You are on a approach to with LAND 3 announciated on ASA on a B757-200. The weather is CAT I minima and you are planning a manual landing. If you disconnect the autopilot at minima, can you expect some out of trim control forces?
A) No, not with LAND 3. The airplane should be in trim.
B) Yes. Up to 30 lbs of forward control column pressure might be required.
A) No, not with LAND 3. The airplane should be in trim.
Hvaða hraða velur FD ef þú færð engine failure?
Engine failure hraði sem FD velur: Current hraði undir V2 þá V2, Ef hraði yfir V2+15 þá velur hann þann hraða. Allt þar á milli þá velur hann bara current hraða.
Hvaða hraða velur FD í venjulegu takeoff?
V2+15 eða Vloft+15
Bank limit selector: Only ___ ____ mode is affected.
HDG SEL
After takeoff, autopilot may be engaged at what altitude/height?
After takeoff, autopilot may be engaged: Only above 200 ft AGL.
What is the flight director roll command in
TO mode after lift-off?
a) Runway track
b) Runway heading
c) Last ground track
d) Last heading
c) Last ground track
Take-off. MCP altitude 1000ft. No roll or
pitch mode selected. Aircraft levels off in
ALT CAPT/ALT HOLD. Autothrottle mode
will be?
a) TO
b) EPR
c) SPD
d) THR HLD
b) EPR
Armed for takeoff: Engages when?
at or above 50ft within 2.5 nm of active route
