Attention Flashcards

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1
Q

Stimuli in environment are all captured and passed through a selective filter at an early stage in processing

A

Broadbent’s early selection theory

Sensory register → selective filter → perceptual process → consciousness

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2
Q

Stimuli are all fully processed, with filter placed later in processing, just before the entrance into working memory

A

Deutsch & Deutsch late selection theory

Sensory register → perceptual process → selective filter → consciousness

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3
Q

Attenuator weakens input from unattended sensory input (rather than elimination by a filter)

A

Treisman’s attenuation theory

Sensory register → attenuator → perceptual process → consciousness

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4
Q

Attention is analogous to a spotlight
Everything within the spotlight is attended to and preferentially processed

A

Spotlight model of attention

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5
Q

Attention is a limited resource, such that it can be overextended with attempts to multitask or divert attention to multiple stimuli concurrently

A

Resource model of attention

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6
Q

stimulus in the outside world ( e.g. car racing down the street)

A

distal stimulus

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7
Q

stimulus patterns as perceived through senses (e.g. vibrations on tympanic membrane from loud engine)

A

proximal stimulus

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8
Q

Shifting attention without associated overt eye movement

A

Covert orientating

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9
Q

Shifting attention with associated overt eye movement

A

Overt orienting

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10
Q

Motion of object captures attention

A

Attentional capture

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11
Q

Damage to a portion of the brain resulting in lacking awareness and attention to part of the visual field

A

neglect syndrome

Example = hemineglect in stroke patients where they don’t acknowledge one side of visual field

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12
Q

Maintaining concentrated attention or alertness over a period of time

A

Vigilance

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13
Q

Becoming attentive of one’s surroundings
Function of the right hemisphere’s frontal and parietal lobes
Modulated by norepinephrine

A

Alerting

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14
Q

Alignment and direction of attention toward a specific stimulus

A

orienting

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15
Q

Three factors that influence multitasking

A

Task similarity, task difficulty, and practice.

Task similarity
More similar tasks = more difficult to multitask

Task difficulty
More difficult tasks require more attention

Practice
More practiced tasks require less attention

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16
Q

Process of selectively concentrating on a specific piece of information

A

attention

17
Q

Individual processes multiple different information sources and carries out multiple tasks concurrently

A

divided attention

18
Q

Attention is “directed” to specific information or cognitive processes

A

Directed attention

19
Q

Directing attention while tuning out interfering stimuli

A

selective attention

20
Q

Managing conflict between multiple attention cues, keeping focus on one cue and blocking out distractions
Function of the ventral tegmental area and dopamine

A

Executive attention

21
Q

External cues that direct attention

A

Exogenous cues

Example = loud sound
Exogenous attention is driven bottom-up

22
Q

Knowledge required to understand the cue and the intention of said cue.

A

Endogenous cues

Example = green light at stop light
Endogenous attention is driven top-down

23
Q

Focusing on one conversation in a noisy room
More broadly, an extension of selective attention with regards to auditory attention

A

Cocktail party effect

24
Q

Failing to perceive a stimulus due to diversion of attention elsewhere
Also known as perceptual blindness

A

Inattentional blindness

25
Q

Change in visual field without observer noticing the change

A

change blindness

Example = your girlfriend paints her nails a different color and you do not notice