Anxiety ppt Flashcards
For exam 1 info
What is the most common psychiatric illness?
Anxiety disorders
Who experiences anxiety the most?
Women experience anxiety disorders more often than men
What are anxiety disorders also associated with?
Association with other mental or physical comorbidities such as depression
What is the most common condition for adolescents?
anxiety disorders
How does age affect anxiety prevalence?
Prevalence decreases with age
Levels of Anxiety
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
- Panic
Mild level of anxiety
Mild: motivational
Moderate level of anxiety
feeling something is definitely wrong; nervousness/agitation; difficulty concentrating; able to be redirected
Severe level of anxiety
Severe: trouble thinking and reasoning; tightened muscles; increased vital signs; restless, irritable, angry
Panic level of anxiety
Panic: fight, flight, or freeze response; increased vital signs; enlarged pupils; cognitive processes focusing on defense
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Feelings of frustration, disgust with life, demoralization, and hopelessness
Sense of ill-being and uneasiness and fear of imminent disaster
Sentence to remember anxiety diagnostic criteria
My Fat Cousin Runs InSide
What is the diagnostic criteria for anxiety?
Irrational worry* about everyday things that last for at least 6 months. At least 3 in adult (only one in child).
Muscle tension
Fatigued
Concentration problems
Restlessness
Irritability
Sleep disturbances
Overwhelming form of anxiety
Panic disorder
Panic Disorder
extreme, overwhelming form of anxiety often experienced when an individual is placed in a real or perceived life threatening situation
When is panic normal?
Panic normal during periods of threat;
When is panic abnormal?
abnormal when continuously experienced in situations of no real physical or psychological threat
Panic attacks
sudden, discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by significant physical and cognitive symptoms
Diagnostic Criteria for panic disorder
Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and 1 month (or more) after an attack of one of the following:
Persistent concern about having another attack
Worry about implications of attack or consequences
Significant changes in behavior because of fear of the attacks
With or without agoraphobia (fear of open spaces)
Panic Attack symptoms
Palpitations
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Chills or heat
Choking
Chest pain
Nausea or abdominal pain
Shortness of breath
Paresthesia
Derealization or depersonalization
Fear of losing control
Fear of dying
Emergency care for panic patients
Stay with the patient**
Reassure him or her that you will not leave
Give clear, concise directions
Assist the patient to an environment with minimal stimulation
Walk or pace with the patient
Administer PRN medications
Afterward, allow the patient to vent his or her feelings
Assessment of Anxiety includes (5 things)
Hamilton Rating Scale for
Anxiety
History
General appearance and motor behavior
Mood and affect (depersonalization, derealization)
Thought processes and content (disorganized thoughts, loss of rational thinking)
More anxiety symptoms to assess for as nurses
Assessment (cont.)
Sensorium and intellectual processes (confusion, disorientation)
Judgment and insight
Self-concept (self-blaming, consumed with worry)
Roles and relationships (avoidance of others)
Physiological and self-care concerns (sleeping, eating)
Nursing interventions for anxiety
Promoting safety and comfort
Using therapeutic communication
Managing anxiety
Providing client and family education
Specific Phobia
Persistent fear of clearly discernible, circumscribed objects or situations leading to avoidance behavior
Treatment for Specific Phobia (include med and nonmed idea)
- Benzodiazepines for short-term relief of anxiety
- Exposure therapy (treatment of choice) elevator scenario
Social Phobia
Persistent fear of social or performance situation in which embarrassment may occur beyond
Treatment for social phobia
SSRIs to reduce social anxiety and phobic avoidance
Agoraphobia
Marked fear or anxiety with 2 or more s/s:
Using public transportation
Being in open spaces or enclosed spaces
Standing or being in a crowd
Being outside of home alone
Patient avoids leaving home
Leave home with a companion
Management is the same as panic
Quality of life severely restricted
Working with anxious pts
Self-awareness of own anxiety level
Assessment of person’s anxiety level
Use of short, simple, easy-to-understand sentences
Lower person’s anxiety level to moderate or mild before proceeding
Low, calm, soothing voice
Safe and therapeutic environment
Positive self-talk
Cognitive–behavioral techniques
Deep breathing, relaxation
Trigger identification
Distraction techniques
Medication and monitoring of effects
Medication classes for anxiety
Benzodiazapines
Antidepressants (SSRIs & SNRIs)
Buspirone
Characteristics of Benzodiazepines
Rapid onset
PRN
Addiction Potential
Abrupt Withdrawal seizure
Medications in Benzodiazepine class
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Diazepam (Valium)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
SNRIs used to treat anxiety
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
Buspirone how long does it take to work
Takes several weeks to work*
Why people like Buspirone
Does not cause sedation
No withdrawal symptoms
No tolerance, dependence or abuse potential
