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NURS 406 > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common psychiatric illness?

A

Anxiety Disorders

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2
Q

Anxiety

A

Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of apprehension or dread that occurs in response to internal or external stimuli; it can result in physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms.

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3
Q

Primary symptoms of anxiety disorders

A

fear

anxiety

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4
Q

A normal emotional response to anxiety consists of three parts:

A
  1. physiologic arousal,
  2. cognitive processes, and
  3. coping strategies
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5
Q

Who experiences anxiety disorders most?

A

Women experience anxiety disorders more often
than men

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6
Q

What are the levels of anxiety?

A
  1. Mild
  2. Moderate
  3. Severe
  4. Panic
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7
Q

Level 1 of anxiety

A

Mild

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8
Q

Level 2 of anxiety

A

Moderate

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9
Q

Level 3 of anxiety

A

Severe

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10
Q

Level 4 of anxiety

A

Panic

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11
Q

Mild anxiety is characterized as

A

motivational

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12
Q

Moderate anxiety

A

feeling something is definitely wrong;
nervousness/agitation; difficulty concentrating; able to be
redirected

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13
Q

Severe anxiety

A

trouble thinking and reasoning; tightened
muscles; increased vital signs; restless, irritable, angry

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14
Q

Panic anxiety

A

fight, flight, or freeze response; increased vital
signs; enlarged pupils; cognitive processes focusing on
defense

Learning is impossible.

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15
Q

One of the most common conditions of children and teens

A

Anxiety disorders

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16
Q

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

A

patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) feel frustrated, disgusted with life, demoralized, and hopeless.

They experience a sense of ill-being and uneasiness and a fear of imminent disaster.

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17
Q

Diagnostic criteria for GAD

A

GAD is characterized by excessive (and irrational) worry and anxiety (apprehensive expectation) for at least 6months.

Ultimately, excessive worry and anxiety cause great distress and interfere with the patient’s daily personal or social life.

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18
Q

Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder include:

A

Muscle tension

Fatigued

Concentration problems

Restlessness

Irritability

Sleep disturbances

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19
Q

Panic

A

Panic is a normal but extremely overwhelming form of anxiety, often experienced when an individual is placed in a real or perceived life-threatening situation.

20
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Panic attacks are characteristic of panic disorder.

A panic attack is a sudden, discrete period of intense fear or discomfort that reaches its peak within a few minutes and is accompanied by significant physical discomfort and cognitive distress

21
Q

Physical Symptoms of panic attacks

A

The physical symptoms include palpitations, chest discomfort, rapid pulse, nausea, dizziness, sweating, paresthesias (burning, tickling, pricking of skin with no apparent reason), trembling or shaking, and a feeling of suffocation or shortness of breath.

22
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of panic attacks

A

Cognitive symptoms include disorganized thinking, irrational fears, depersonalization and a decreased ability to communicate.
Usually, feelings of impending doom or death, fear of going crazy or losing control, and desperation ensue.

DIDD

23
Q

depersonalization

A

(being detached from oneself),

24
Q

People at increased risk of panic disorders are:

A

Increased risk is associated with being female, middle aged, of low socioeconomic status, and widowed, separated, or divorced

25
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Panic disorder

A

At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1month (or more) of one or both of the following:

Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”)

A significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks (e.g., behaviors designed to avoid having panic attacks, such as avoidance of exercise or unfamiliar situations)

26
Q

What is the first priority when caring for a person with a panic disorder?

A

Suicide prevention

27
Q

Remembering that the patient experiencing a panic attack is in crisis, nurses can take several measures to help alleviate symptoms, including the following: five things

A
  1. Stay with the patient and maintain a calm demeanor. (Anxiety often produces more anxiety, and a calm presence will help calm the patient.)
  2. Reassure the patient that you will not leave, that this episode will pass, and that they are in a safe place. (The patient often fears dying and cannot see beyond the panic attack.)
  3. Give clear concise directions using short sentences. Do not use medical jargon.
  4. Walk or pace with the patient to an environment with minimal stimulation. (The patient in panic has excessive energy.)
  5. Administer PRN (i.e., as-needed) anxiolytic medications as ordered and appropriate. (Pharmacotherapy is effective in treating those patients with acute panic attack.)
28
Q

Nursing Process for anxiety;

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Interventions
29
Q

Nursing assessment includes: 5 thing part a

A
  1. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety
  2. History
  3. General appearance and motor behavior
  4. Mood and affect (depersonalization, derealization)
  5. Thought processes and content (disorganized
    thoughts, loss of rational thinking)
30
Q

Nursing assessment includes: 5 thing part b

A
  1. Sensorium and intellectual processes (confusion,
    disorientation)
  2. Judgment and insight
  3. Self-concept (self-blaming, consumed with worry)
  4. Roles and relationships (avoidance of others)
  5. Physiological and self-care concerns (sleeping, eating)
31
Q

HAMILTON RATING SCALE FOR ANXIETY

A

Max Hamilton designed this scale to help clinicians gather information about anxiety states. The symptom inventory provides scaled information that classifies anxiety behavior and assists the clinician in targeting behaviors and achieving outcome measures.

32
Q

Nursing Interventions for anxiety

A
  1. Promoting safety and comfort
  2. Using therapeutic communication
  3. Managing anxiety
  4. Providing client and family education
33
Q

Specific phobia disorder:

A

Specific phobia disorder is marked by persistent fear of clearly discernible, circumscribed objects or situations, which often leads to avoidance behaviors.

34
Q

Agoraphobia

A

is fear or anxiety triggered by about two or more situations such as using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, standing in line, being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone

35
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A

Social anxiety disorder involves a persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur.

36
Q

What is used to treat those with social anxiety disorder?

A

SSRIs are used to treat those with social anxiety disorder because they significantly reduce social anxiety and phobic avoidance.

37
Q

What is used to treat those with phobic anxiety

A

Benzodiazepines are also used to reduce anxiety caused by phobias.

The treatment of choice for specific phobia is exposure therapy.

38
Q

What is recommended as the first drug option in the treatment of pts with panic disorder?

A

The SSRIs are recommended as the first drug option in the treatment of patients with panic disorder.

39
Q

Examples of SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Paroxetine (Paxil)

Paroxetine (controlled release) (Paxil CR)

40
Q

Example of SNRIs

A

Venlafaxine (extended release)

41
Q

Example of Benzodiazepines

A

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

lorazepam (Ativan)

42
Q

Administering and Monitoring Benzodiazepines

A

Treatment may include administering benzodiazepines concurrently with antidepressants for the first 4weeks and then tapering the benzodiazepine to a maintenance dose.

This strategy provides rapid symptom relief but avoids the complications of long-term benzodiazepine use.

43
Q
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44
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45
Q
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NURS 406 (29 decks)

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