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PHARMA > ANTIDM DRUGS > Flashcards

ANTIDM DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin causes translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT4) to the cell membrane. This leads to (3)

A
  • increase glucose uptake
  • increase in glycogen synthase activity
  • increased glycogen formation
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2
Q

Effects of Insulin

A
  • increase glycogen and protein synthesis
  • decreased protein catabolism
  • increased TG storage
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3
Q

Duration of Action of Intermediate Acting Insulin

A

18-24hrs

peak: 8-12hrs

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4
Q

Duration of Action of Rapid Acting Insulin

A

3-4hrs

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5
Q

Duration of Action of Short Acting Insulin

A

5-7hrs

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6
Q

Duration of Action of Long Acting Insulin

A

18-28hrs

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7
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin Peak

A

0.25-0.5hrs

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8
Q

Short Acting Insulin Peak

A

0.5-3hrs

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9
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin Peak

A

8-12hrs

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10
Q

Long Acting Insulin Peak

A

8-16hrs

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11
Q

Initiation of insulin therapy causes activation of residual pancreatic beta cells

A

Honeymoon Period

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12
Q

At Risk for Insulin-related Hypoglycemia

A

Advanced Renal Disease, Elderly, Children <7y

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13
Q

RAPID ACTING INSULIN

A

Mabilis. Walang L. A. G.

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

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14
Q

SHORT ACTING INSULIN

A

Tao lang. Regular lang.

Regular (Humulin R)

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15
Q

LONG ACTING INSULIN

A

ULTRA bilis

ULTRALENTE

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16
Q

ULTRA-LONG ACTING

A

Mas mabilis sa ULTRAlente yung DETERMINED.

DETEMIR
Glargine
Lantus

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17
Q

INSULIN SECRETAGOGUES

A

Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides

(increases insulin secretion)

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18
Q

MOA: INSULIN SECRETAGOGUES

A

increases insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K+ channels

(requires islet cell function)

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19
Q

1st Generation SU

A

T. A. C. T.

Tolazamide
Acetohexamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide

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20
Q

2nd Generation SU

A

5Gs

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glibenclamide
Gliclazide
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21
Q

MEGLITINIDES

A
  • glinides, -glitinide

MEGLITINIDE
REPAGLINIDE
NATEGLINIDE
MITIGLINIDE

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22
Q

SU with SE-cholestatic jaundice

A

Glibenclamide

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23
Q

SU with least hypoglycemic SE

A

Meglitinides

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24
Q

INSULIN SENSITIZERS

A

BIGUANIDES

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

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25
Q

MOA: BIGUANIDES

A

Metformin

activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

26
Q

MOA: THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

A

-glitazone

regulates gene expression by binding PPAR Alpha and PPAR Gamma&raquo_space;

  • increases tissue sensitivity,
  • increase glucose uptake in muscle and adipose
  • inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, - effects on lipid metabolism and distribution of body fat
  • control of fasting and postprandial glucose
27
Q

Other Effects of Biguanides

A
  • stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis in peripheral tissues
  • slows glucose absorption from the GIT
  • reduced plasma glucagon levels
  • reduced risk of DM in high risk patients
  • reduced post prandial and fasting glucose
28
Q

DOC for obese diabetics

A

Metformin

29
Q

Contraindicated in hepatic and renal disease

A

Metformin

30
Q

A decrease in endogenous insulin production by increasing insulin sensitivity of tissues

A

Insulin Sparing Effect

31
Q

Anti - DM drug that does not cause hypoglycemia

A

Metformin

32
Q

Thiazolidinediones are contraindicated in

A

pregnant, with chronic liver disease and with CHF

33
Q

Rosiglitazone binds to both PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. TRUE OR FALSE.

A

FALSE

binds only to PPAR alpha

34
Q

Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for MI

A

Rosiglitazone

35
Q

Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for Bladder CA

A

Pioglitazone

36
Q

Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for CHF

A

Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone

37
Q

ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS

A

M. A. V.

MIGLITOL
ACARBOSE
VOGLIBOSE

38
Q

AMYLIN ANALOG

A

PRAMLINTIDE

39
Q

INCRETIN MODULATORS

A

GLP - 1 AGONISTS

DPP4 INHIBITORS

40
Q

GLP - 1 AGONISTS

A
  • tide
Exenatide
Liraglutide
Lixisenatide
Semaglutide
Dulaglutide
41
Q

DPP4 INHIBITORS

A

-GLIPTINS

sitagliptin
saxagliptin
linagliptin
vildagliptin
teneligliptin
42
Q

SGLT2 INHIBITORS

A

-gliflozin

Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin
Canagliflozin

43
Q

MOA: ACARBOSE, MIGLITOL, VOGLIBOSE

A

inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase (decrease glucose absorption - decrease post prandial glucose)

44
Q

MOA: PRAMLINTIDE

A

activates amylin receptors

  • reduce postmeal glucose excursions
  • suppresses glucagon release
  • delay gastric emptying time
  • reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
45
Q

MOA: EXENATIDE, LIRAGLUTIDE

A

activates GLP - 1 receptors

augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells

  • reduce postmeal glucose excursions
  • suppresses glucagon release
  • delay gastric emptying time
  • reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
46
Q

MOA: SITAGLIPTIN, LINAGLIPTIN

A

inhibits DPP4 that degrades GLP-1 and other incretins&raquo_space; raises circulating GLP-1 levels

augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells

  • reduce postmeal glucose excursions
  • suppresses glucagon release
  • delay gastric emptying time
  • reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
47
Q

MOA: DAPAGLIFLOZIN, EMPAGLIFLOZIN

A

inhibits SGLT2 transporter

|&raquo_space; inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys&raquo_space; increased excretion

48
Q

Anti DM drug with possible risk of Thyroid CA

A

Liraglutide

49
Q

Increases incidence of UTI

A

SGLT 2 INHIBITORS

50
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant that can lower glucose levels

A

Colesevelam

51
Q

DRUGS FOR OBESITY

A

Orlistat
Sibutramine
Rimonabant

52
Q

MOA: ORLISTAT

A

inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases

reduces absorption of fats

53
Q

MOA: SIBUTRAMINE

A

inhibits NEP and sertonin reuptake

reduces appetite

54
Q

MOA: RIMONABANT

A

Selectively blocks cannabinoid-1 receptors

reduces appetite

55
Q

Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for suicide and depression?

A

RIMONABANT

56
Q

Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for cardiovascular events?

A

SIBUTRAMINE

57
Q

Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for malabsoption of fat soluble vitamins?

A

Orlistat

58
Q

Orlistat is contraindicated in

A

pregnancy, hepatobiliary function and malabsorption states

59
Q

Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for rebound weight gain upon discontinuation?

A

Orlistat

60
Q

Glucagon can be used in?

A

Severe hypoglycemia, Beta Blocker overdose

PHARMA (15 decks)

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