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PHARMA > ANTIDM DRUGS > Flashcards

ANTIDM DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin causes translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT4) to the cell membrane. This leads to (3)

A
  • increase glucose uptake
  • increase in glycogen synthase activity
  • increased glycogen formation
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2
Q

Effects of Insulin

A
  • increase glycogen and protein synthesis
  • decreased protein catabolism
  • increased TG storage
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3
Q

Duration of Action of Intermediate Acting Insulin

A

18-24hrs

peak: 8-12hrs

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4
Q

Duration of Action of Rapid Acting Insulin

A

3-4hrs

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5
Q

Duration of Action of Short Acting Insulin

A

5-7hrs

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6
Q

Duration of Action of Long Acting Insulin

A

18-28hrs

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7
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin Peak

A

0.25-0.5hrs

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8
Q

Short Acting Insulin Peak

A

0.5-3hrs

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9
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin Peak

A

8-12hrs

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10
Q

Long Acting Insulin Peak

A

8-16hrs

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11
Q

Initiation of insulin therapy causes activation of residual pancreatic beta cells

A

Honeymoon Period

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12
Q

At Risk for Insulin-related Hypoglycemia

A

Advanced Renal Disease, Elderly, Children <7y

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13
Q

RAPID ACTING INSULIN

A

Mabilis. Walang L. A. G.

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

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14
Q

SHORT ACTING INSULIN

A

Tao lang. Regular lang.

Regular (Humulin R)

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15
Q

LONG ACTING INSULIN

A

ULTRA bilis

ULTRALENTE

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16
Q

ULTRA-LONG ACTING

A

Mas mabilis sa ULTRAlente yung DETERMINED.

DETEMIR
Glargine
Lantus

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17
Q

INSULIN SECRETAGOGUES

A

Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides

(increases insulin secretion)

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18
Q

MOA: INSULIN SECRETAGOGUES

A

increases insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K+ channels

(requires islet cell function)

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19
Q

1st Generation SU

A

T. A. C. T.

Tolazamide
Acetohexamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide

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20
Q

2nd Generation SU

A

5Gs

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glibenclamide
Gliclazide
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21
Q

MEGLITINIDES

A
  • glinides, -glitinide

MEGLITINIDE
REPAGLINIDE
NATEGLINIDE
MITIGLINIDE

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22
Q

SU with SE-cholestatic jaundice

A

Glibenclamide

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23
Q

SU with least hypoglycemic SE

A

Meglitinides

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24
Q

INSULIN SENSITIZERS

A

BIGUANIDES

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

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25
MOA: BIGUANIDES
Metformin activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis
26
MOA: THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
-glitazone regulates gene expression by binding PPAR Alpha and PPAR Gamma >> - increases tissue sensitivity, - increase glucose uptake in muscle and adipose - inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, - effects on lipid metabolism and distribution of body fat - control of fasting and postprandial glucose
27
Other Effects of Biguanides
- stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis in peripheral tissues - slows glucose absorption from the GIT - reduced plasma glucagon levels - reduced risk of DM in high risk patients - reduced post prandial and fasting glucose
28
DOC for obese diabetics
Metformin
29
Contraindicated in hepatic and renal disease
Metformin
30
A decrease in endogenous insulin production by increasing insulin sensitivity of tissues
Insulin Sparing Effect
31
Anti - DM drug that does not cause hypoglycemia
Metformin
32
Thiazolidinediones are contraindicated in
pregnant, with chronic liver disease and with CHF
33
Rosiglitazone binds to both PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. TRUE OR FALSE.
FALSE binds only to PPAR alpha
34
Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for MI
Rosiglitazone
35
Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for Bladder CA
Pioglitazone
36
Thiazolidinedione - that increases risk for CHF
Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone
37
ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
M. A. V. MIGLITOL ACARBOSE VOGLIBOSE
38
AMYLIN ANALOG
PRAMLINTIDE
39
INCRETIN MODULATORS
GLP - 1 AGONISTS | DPP4 INHIBITORS
40
GLP - 1 AGONISTS
- tide ``` Exenatide Liraglutide Lixisenatide Semaglutide Dulaglutide ```
41
DPP4 INHIBITORS
-GLIPTINS ``` sitagliptin saxagliptin linagliptin vildagliptin teneligliptin ```
42
SGLT2 INHIBITORS
-gliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin Canagliflozin
43
MOA: ACARBOSE, MIGLITOL, VOGLIBOSE
inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase (decrease glucose absorption - decrease post prandial glucose)
44
MOA: PRAMLINTIDE
activates amylin receptors - reduce postmeal glucose excursions - suppresses glucagon release - delay gastric emptying time - reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
45
MOA: EXENATIDE, LIRAGLUTIDE
activates GLP - 1 receptors augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells - reduce postmeal glucose excursions - suppresses glucagon release - delay gastric emptying time - reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
46
MOA: SITAGLIPTIN, LINAGLIPTIN
inhibits DPP4 that degrades GLP-1 and other incretins >> raises circulating GLP-1 levels augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells - reduce postmeal glucose excursions - suppresses glucagon release - delay gastric emptying time - reduces appetite (anorectic effect)
47
MOA: DAPAGLIFLOZIN, EMPAGLIFLOZIN
inhibits SGLT2 transporter | >> inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys >> increased excretion
48
Anti DM drug with possible risk of Thyroid CA
Liraglutide
49
Increases incidence of UTI
SGLT 2 INHIBITORS
50
Bile Acid Sequestrant that can lower glucose levels
Colesevelam
51
DRUGS FOR OBESITY
Orlistat Sibutramine Rimonabant
52
MOA: ORLISTAT
inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases reduces absorption of fats
53
MOA: SIBUTRAMINE
inhibits NEP and sertonin reuptake reduces appetite
54
MOA: RIMONABANT
Selectively blocks cannabinoid-1 receptors reduces appetite
55
Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for suicide and depression?
RIMONABANT
56
Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for cardiovascular events?
SIBUTRAMINE
57
Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for malabsoption of fat soluble vitamins?
Orlistat
58
Orlistat is contraindicated in
pregnancy, hepatobiliary function and malabsorption states
59
Which of the following drugs for obesity increases risk for rebound weight gain upon discontinuation?
Orlistat
60
Glucagon can be used in?
Severe hypoglycemia, Beta Blocker overdose

PHARMA (15 decks)

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