Antiaritmice Flashcards

1
Q

Mecan prod aritmii

A

-postdepolarizare
-automatism anormal
-bloc cardiac
-reintrare

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2
Q

Blocante sodiu

A

-afinitate pe canale de sodiu active(m,h deschise) si inactive(m deschis,h inchis)-depol si inceput repol,tahicardie
-afin mica pt canale in repaus(doar h deschis)

Mecan act
-scad viteza de depol faza 0
-scad viteza conducere impulsuri
-cresc durata perioadei refractare efective in raport cu dur potential de act

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3
Q

Clasa 1-A (bloc canale Na)

A

-scad viteza fazei 0
-prelungesc PA,PRE
—>cresc refractaritate miocard,durata cond,interval QT

Ex-chinidina,procainamida

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4
Q

Clasa 1-C(bloc canale Na)

A

-incetineste imp faza 0(depol)
-incetineste transm impulsuri
-ef redus pe PA,si PRE
-cresc durata PR,QRS
-nu modif interval QT

Ex
-propafenona,flecainida

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5
Q

Clasa 1-B(bloc canale Na)

A

Lidocaina
Mexiletina

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6
Q

Chinidina

A

-bloc canal Na clasa 1A
-pe aritmii prin reintrare si automatism anormal
-are si ef inotrop neg(scade forta de contr)
-are si propr M colinolitice (tahicardie si crestere cond AV),dar si alfa adrenolitice(hipotens)

Indicatii
-aritmii ventric la sdr Brugada sau sdr cu QT scurt
-daca nu merg alte trat la FiA,FLA,TPSV

R adv
-poata agrava aritmii existente
-aparitie torsada vf
-aparitie extrasistole,tahicardie,fibril ventriculare
-aparitie blocuri sinoatriale,AV,asistolie(mai ales la hipopotasemie)
-creste mortalit la trat cronic
-creste toxicitatea digoxinei
-diaree!des
-cincotism-tulb vedere,tulb auz,tinitus,cefalee,fen psihotice

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7
Q

Chinidina contraindic

A

-BAV complet
-hipotens
-insuf card
-intox digitalice
-hiper/hipok

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8
Q

Chinidina interactiuni

A

-creste tox la digoxina
-nu cu inductoare enz-rifampicina,fenobarbital
-nu cu inh enzimatice-cimetidina
-nu cu medic cu ef inotrop neg(beta bloc,verapamil)

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9
Q

Procainamida

A

-bloc canal Na clasa 1A

Indic-pt tahicardie ventric trat si profilax
-pt extrasistole ventric

R adv
-sdr lupus like
-la doze mari aritmii ventric
-pe SNC-halucinatii,sdr psihotic

Contraindic
-BAV
-hipotens(doar NU iv)
-insuf cardiaca

Prudenta in astm bronsic

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10
Q

Disopiramida

A

-bloc canal Na clasa 1A
-are ef inotrop neg mai puternic ca celelalte
-vasoconstr perif (celelalte au ef alfa adrenolitice-vasodil)

Indicatii
-aritmii ventric
-profilax FiA paroxistica declansata de hiperreactivit vagala

E adv
-M-colinolitice-creste pres introc,tulb vedere,xerostomie,retentie urinara,constipatie
-precipit IC
-proaritmic tahicard ventric,torsada vf

Contraindic
-glaucom
-adenom prostata

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11
Q

Lidocaina

A

-bloc canal Na 1B
-XILINA,LIDOCAINA CLORHIDRAT
-preferat in urgenta alaturi de amiodarona(clasa 3) pt aritmii ventric
-se da doar iv
-pe aritmii date de automat anormal si reintrare
-prelung faza 0(depol) si faza 3(repol lenta)->prelung PA

Indicatii pe aritmii ventric maligne
-pe fond ischemic(IMA)
-tahicard ventric,extrasist ventric
-profilax recidive FiV(nu prea)

R adv
-sedare
-parestezii
-nistagmus!!
-tremur
-dizartrie,confuzie

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12
Q

Mexiletina

A

-bloc canal Na 1B
-pe aritmii ventric,TV,sdr cu QT prelung
-r adv-bradicardie ,dizartrie,tremur,hipotensiune,intol digestiva

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13
Q

Flecainida

A

-bloc canal Na 1C
-act pe faza 0-o prelung
-nu act pe durata PA,PRE(ef minim aici)
-merge pe aritmii prin reintrare si automatism anormal(creste pot prag pt ultima)
-creste durata QRS
-ef inotrop neg

R adv
-BAV,bradicardie
-aritmii
-tulb vedere

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14
Q

Flecainida indicatii

A

-bloc canal Na 1C
-aritmii ventric refractare-extrasist ventric
-tahiaritmii supraventric(TPSV,FLA,FiA)

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15
Q

Propafenona

A

-bloc canal Na 1C
-aritmii supraventr(TPSV,FiA,FLA)
-aritmii ventric-extrasistole,tahicardie

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16
Q

Beta bloc

A

-act pe faza 4-depol lenta diastolica-o prelung
-prelung cond AV
-nu act pe QT

Pe tahiaritmii induse de stim simpatica
-ESV,tahicardie ventric
-FLA,FiA
-sdr QT lung
-alura ventr la FiA si FLA
-scad mort dupa IMA

17
Q

Clasa 3-bloc canale k

A

-scad eflux K deci incetinesc repol
-nu act pe depol(faza 0)
-cresc PR,QRS, perioada refractara
-in doze mari prelung si QT

18
Q

Amiodarona

A

-bloc canale K-clasa 3
-asemanator tirozinei
-prelung PA,PRE,depol sistolica
-are si ef antianginos

Indicatii
-trat si profilax pt aritmii ventric si supraventric
-pastrare ritm sinusal dupa cardioversie
-tahicardie din sdr de preexcitatie
-profilax FiV dupa resuscitare

R adv
-fibroza pulm interstitiala
-fotosens
-bradicardie la varstnici
-hipotens la adm iv
-hepatotox
-hipo/hiper tiroidism
-piele gri albastruie(iod )
-tulb vedere cu depuneri oculare

Contraindic
-bradicardie sinusala
-hipotens iv
-BAV
-boli tiroidiene
-boli hepatice
-GRAVIDE

19
Q

Dronedarona

A

-se da la pac la care nu se poate da amiodarona
-pac cu fibroza pulm,boli tir

R adv
-hepatotox
-cefalee,greata,ameteli
-prelung QT

20
Q

Sotalol

A

-bloc canale K in depolarizare
-prelung PA,PRE,repol
-are ef antifibrilatie mai ales in miocard ischemic!!!!

Indicatii
-profilax aritmii supraventr
-trat ESV,profilax TV
-scade mort postIMA(indicata in aritmii post IMA)
-cardiopat aritmogena VD

R adv
-torsada vf
-prelung QT

21
Q

Dofetilida

A

-clasa 3
-pt mentinere ritm sinusal FiA
-r adv-torsada vf

22
Q

Ibutilida

A

-clasa 3
-mentinere ritm sinusal FiA,FLA(mai ales FLA)
-r adv-torsada vf

23
Q

Verapamil

A

-pe f4(depol lenta diastolica)-scade influx Ca
-actioneaza pe canale de Ca activate,deci sunt mai eficiente in tahicardie
-prelungesc repol
-prelungesc conducerea si PRE in nodulul AV

Indicatii
-pe aritmii supraventric mai mult
-pe criza de TPSV iv prin reintrare in NAV
-scade alura ventric in FiA si FLA
-nu pe sdr de preexcitatie
-e si antianginos si antihipertensiv

Contraindic
-IC ,bradicardie,BAV
-hipotens
-sdr de preexcit
-boala de nod sinusal

24
Q

Cresc risc toxicitate digitalice

A

-verapamil
-amiodarona

25
Q

Digoxina

A

-scade PRE in atrii si ventric
-creste PRE si conducerea in fb Purkinje
-indic pt scadere alura ventric la FiA si FLA

Contraindic la sdr de preexcitatie

R adv
-ESV(bigeminism) la doze mari
-TV
-FiV(ultimele 2 se trat cu fenitoina iv sau lidocaina)

26
Q

Adenozina

A

-trat de electie la TPSV in bolus rapid(pt ca daca se da lent se inactiveaza)
-hipotens controlata din interv chir

R adv
-bronhospasm
-dur tor
-hipotens
-flushing
-asistolie de scurta dur(5 sec)

Dipiridamol ii creste ef
Metilxantinele il inhiba

27
Q

Dau QT prelung

A

Drenodarona
Sotalol
+ toata clasa 3 la doze mari
Chinidina
+ restul din clasa 1

28
Q

Medic date pr sdr QT lung

A

Mexiletina
Sulfat Mg
Beta bloc

29
Q

Sulfat de Mg indicatii

A

-torsada vf din sdr QT lung
-aritmii din intox digitalica
-preventia FiV

30
Q

Ivabradina

A

-scade frecv cardiaca exclusiv
-ef pe nodul sinusal exclusiv

Indicatii
-angina stabila cand nu merg beta bloc,cu boala coronariana si ritm sinusal normal
-+ beta bloc la pac insuf controlati xu beta bloc la o frecv >60
-ICC NYHA 2-4 cu disfunctie sistolica ,ritm sinusal si frecv>76

31
Q

Alte medicam

A

Clorura de Ca-TV prin hiperK
Atropina-bradicardie
Adrenalina-stop cardiac
Isoprenalina-BAV
IECA/sartani-preventie FiA la IC ,HVS,HTA