ANS-3 Flashcards
Cholinergic Agents 1/12/23
parasympathomimetic (agonist) actions: Direct agonist
activates cholinoceptors by binding directly to them
parasympathomimetic (agonist) actions: Indirect agonist
binds to and inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Stimulates ACh release
ACh has a higher affinity for which receptor (M or N)
muscarinic receptors
Mnemonic to remember M1, M2, M3 GPCR action
qiq, M1 = Gq, M2 = Gi, M3 = Gq
M1 tissue and response
postganglionic, depolarization
M2 tissue and response
Heart, inhibition
M3 tissue and response
smooth muscles, exocrine glands, endothelium,
contraction, secretion, relaxation
M4 tissue and response
CNS, hyperpolarization (Gi)
M5 tissue and response
CNS, depolarization (Gq)
Nm tissue and response
skeletal muscle, motor end plate depolarization/contraction
Nn tissue and response
postganglionic, depolarization
adrenal medulla, catecholamine secretion
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 1 - ______ is transported into the presynaptic nerve terminal by a ___________
Choline, Sodium-dependent choline transporter (CHT)
The sodium-dependent choline transporter (CHT) can be inhibited by _________, which has no current clinical use
hemicholinium
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 2 - ACh is synthesized from ______ and ______ by the enzyme _________
choline, acetyl-CoA, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 3 - ACh is then transported into the _______ by a second carrier, the ________
storage vesicle, vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)
The vesicle-associated transporter (VAT) is inhibited by ______, which has no current clinical use
vesamicol
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 4 - Release of transmitter occurs when an ___1____ opens ____2____ and increases the intracellular ____3____. Fusion of vesicles with the ___4____ results in release of ___5___.
1 - action potential
2 - voltage sensitive calcium channels
3 - calcium
4 - surface membrane
5 - ACh
The release of ACh caused by and influx of Ca2+ and the vesicle merging with the surface membrane (Step 4) can be blocked by ________
botulinum toxin (botox)
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 5 - after release, ACh binds to ______ receptors on the ______ cell
cholinoceptors, postsynaptic
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 6 - The action of ACh is terminated through its metabolism by the enzyme ______
acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
ACh Biosynthesis: Step 7 - _____ and receptors on the presynaptic nerve ending modulate _______
autoreceptors, transmitter release
What are muscarinic receptors named after?
mushroom: Amanita Muscaria
Muscarinic Agonists: PSNS Symptoms of “Fast” Mushroom Poisoning
Bradycardia (M2)
nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea (M3)
Bronchoconstriction (M3)
Salivation (M3)
Visual disturbances (M1)
Muscarinic Agonists: SNS Symptoms of “Fast” Mushroom Poisoning
Sweating (M3)
Muscarinic Agonists: Uninnervated Symptoms of “Fast” Mushroom Poisoning
Hypotension (caused by uninnervated muscarinic receptors in the blood vessel endothelium cells mediating vasodilation via NO)
Cholinergic Agonists Classification: Direct Acting - Choline Esters
ACh, Methacholine, Carbachol, Bethanechol
Cholinergic Agonists Classification: Direct Acting - Alkaloids
Muscarine and Pilocarpine
Cholinergic Agonists Classification: Indirect Acting - Reversible
Edrophonium, Physostigmine, Neostigmine
Cholinergic Agonists Classification: Indirect Acting - Irreversible
Organophosphates
Muscarinic Agonist Effects: Heart
Bradycardia - M2 activation leads to decrease in HR, conduction, and force