Anemia Aplásica Flashcards

1
Q

Caracteristicas dd la anemia aplasica:

A

Enfermedad de medula osea donde hay insuficiencia medular, desaparicion total o parcial de precursores hematopoyeticos de medila ossa, dando lugar a pancitopenia perif.

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2
Q

Etiologia de anemia aplasica:

A

Congenita o adquirida

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3
Q

Fisiopato de anemia aplasica

A

Idiopatica

Por agentes causales.

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4
Q

En que consiste la teoria idiopatica de amemia aplasica?

A

No hay causa especifica, hay disminucion de LTs reguladores, con incremento en los LTs CD8 capaces de producir o sobreexpresar interferon gama y TNF alpha, inhiben a celula progenitora y disminuyen hematopoyesis.

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5
Q

Teoria de agentes causales de la anemia aplasica

A

Oroducen un efecto citotoxico sobre la celula hematopoyetica, llega la radiacion y destruye a celula progenitora, se asocia con expo a pesticidas y la celula progenitora entra en apoptosis.

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6
Q

Cuadro clinico de anemia aplasica:

A

Sx anemico ( astenia, adinamia taquicardia, hipotnsion, palidez

Sx infeccioso

Sx hemorragico

Crecimientos ganglionares
Hepatomegalia
Esplenomehalia
Pancitopenias

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7
Q

Diagnostico mediante criterios cito-morfologicos:

A

Reticulocitos menores a 20x10 a la 3
Neutros menores a .5 x10 a la 3
Plaquetas menores a 20 x a la 3

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8
Q

Hallazgos en sangre periferica en el diagnostico:

A

Anemka normocitica y normocromica arregenerativa
Leucopenia y disminucion selectiva de neutrofilos.
Trombocitopenia

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9
Q

Hallazgos de med osea para diagnostico:

A

Hipocelular: oerdida de tejido hematopoyetico y sustitucion por grasa
Celulas presentes, linfos, histocitos y mastocitos.

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10
Q

Como se confirma el diagnostico?

A

Dos criterios de sangre periferica y dos criterios de medula osea

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11
Q

Tipos de anemia aplasica segun la gravedad de citopenias

A

Grave- neutros menosres a .5
Muy grave- neutros totales menores a .2
No grave

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12
Q

CD4,T y FOXP3 son marcadores caracteristicos de :

A

LT reguladores

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13
Q

Que condiciona el aumento de CD8 ?

A

Liberacion de IL-2 que ocaciona expansion conla de linfocitos anormales

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14
Q

Tratamiento de anemia aplasica

A
Transplante
Piedra angular: inmunosupresion
Ciclosporina A que inhibe a IL-2
Globulina anti-timocito  Prednisona 
Eltrombopag.
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