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Semester 3: Mind and Movement > Anatomy Topic 3 Case 6 > Flashcards

Anatomy Topic 3 Case 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the two muscles of the orbital group of facial muscles

A
  • Orbicularis oculi which surrounds each orbit, it closes the eyelid
  • Corrugator supercilii which is located deep to the eyebrows, it is involved in frowning
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2
Q

Outline the three muscles of the nasal group of facial muscles

A
  • Nasalis, compressor naris and dilator naris
  • Procerus, which is superficial to nasal bone, and is active during frowning
  • Depressor septi nasi, arising from maxilla and inserting onto lower part of nasal septum, widens the nares
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3
Q

Outline the lower group of oral group

A
  • Depressor anguli oris, depresses the corner of the mouth
  • Depressor labii inferioris, depresses the lower lip and moves it laterally
  • Mentalis, which helps position the lip when drinking
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4
Q

Outline the upper group of oral muscles

A
  • Risorius, pulls the corner of the mouth laterally and upward
  • Zygomaticus major and minor which help produce smile by raising the corner of the mouth and moving it laterally
  • Levator labii superioris, which deepens the furrow between the nose and corner of the mouth during sadness
  • Levator labii supeiroris alaque nasi, which assists in flaring the nares
  • Levator anguli oris, which elevates the corners of the mouth during sadness
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5
Q

What is the role of the parotid gland?

A
  • Produces a serous watery saliva and salivary amylase

- Which are necessary for bolus formation, oral digestion and passage of bolus into the upper GI tract

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6
Q

Which forms the boundaries of the parotid gland?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid behind
  • Ramus of the mandible anteriorly
  • External acoustic meatus superiorly
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7
Q

Outline the course taken by the parotid duct

A
  • Leaves anterior edge of parotid gland
  • Crosses medial border of masseter
  • Turns medially and penetrates the buccinator muscle
  • Opens into the oral cavity near the second upper molar tooth
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8
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull to penetrate the parotid gland?

A
  • Stylomastoid foramen
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9
Q

Name the five branches of the facial nerve that emerge from the parotid gland?

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Marginal mandibular
  • Cervical
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10
Q

Which artery penetrates the parotid gland?

A
  • External carotid
  • Gives off posterior auricular artery
  • Before dividing into maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
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11
Q

Which vein forms in the substance of the parotid gland?

A
  • Retromandibular vein

- Formed when the superficial temporal vein and maxillary veuns join

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12
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
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13
Q

What is the secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland?

A
  • Preganglionic fibres to otic ganglion from glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Postganglionic fibres from otic ganglion via auriculotemporal nerve
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14
Q

Identify the 3 auricular muscles

A
  • Anterior auricular, pulling the ear upward and forward
  • Superior auricular, which elevates the ear
  • Posterior auricular, which retracts and elevates the ear
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15
Q

Outline the boundaries of the scalp

A
  • Anteriorly: superciliary arches
  • Posteriorly: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines
  • Laterally: zygomatic arch
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16
Q

Outline the five layers of the scalp from superficial to deep

A
  • Skin
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
    muscle
  • Loose areolar connective tissue containing emissary veins
  • Pericranium (periosteum)
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17
Q

Outline the arterial supply of the scalp

A
  • External carotid artery

OR

  • Ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery
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18
Q

Outline the innervation of the scalp

A
  • Anterior to the ears and vertex via the trigeminal nerve

- Posterior to the ears and vertex via C2 and C3

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19
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis?

A
  • Consists of large frontal belly and smaller occipital belly
  • Connected by epicranial aponeurosis (gala aponeurotica)
  • Moves the scalp, wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrows
  • Innervated by facial nerve
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20
Q

What is the primary arterial supply of the face?

A
  • External carotid artery
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21
Q

Outline the course of the facial artery

A
  • Branches from anterior surface of external carotid artery
  • Passes through deep structures of neck on lower border of mandible
  • Curves around inferior border of mandible
  • Runs upward and passes along side of nose to terminate as angular artery
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22
Q

What do the superior and inferior labial branches of the facial artery supply?

A
  • Superior: Upper lip

- Inferior: Lower lip

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23
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Transverse facial artery

- Maxillary artery

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24
Q

Identify the three branches of the maxillary artery

A
  • Infra-orbital artery supplying the lower eyelid, upper lip and structures between
  • Buccal artery, supplying the structures in the area of the buccinator muscle
  • Mental artery, supplying the chin
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25
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the face?

A
  • Ophthalmic artery
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26
Q

Identify the three branches of the ophthalmic artery

A
  • Zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal arteries, supplying area over zygomatic bone
  • Dorsal nasal artery supplying the dorsum of the nose
  • Supra-orbital and supra-trochlear arteries supplying the anterior scalp
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27
Q

Outline the course of the facial vein

A
  • Supra-orbital and supra-trochlear veins come together to form angular vein
  • Which becomes facial vein as it proceeds inferiorly
  • Descends across the face with the facial artery to inferior border of mandible
  • Passes superficial to submandibular gland to enter internal jugular vein
28
Q

What do the submental nodes drain?

A
  • Lymphatics from the medial part of the lower lip and chin
29
Q

What do the submandibular nodes drain?

A
  • Lymphatics from:
  • Medial corner of the orbit
  • External nose
  • Medial part of cheek
  • Upper lip
  • Lateral part of lower lip
30
Q

What do the pre-auricular and parotid nodes drain?

A
  • Eyelids
  • External nose
  • Lateral part of cheek
31
Q

The submental, submandibular and parotid nodes drain into..

A
  • Deep cervical nodes

- Into the jugular trunks and then into either the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

32
Q

Identify four branches of the ophthalmic nerve that contribute to sensory innervation of the face

A
  • Supra-orbital and supra-trochlear nerves supplying the forehead and scalp
  • Infratrochlear nerve innervating upper eyelid and side of nose
  • Lacrimal nerve innervating lateral half of upper eyelid
  • External nasal nerve supplying anterior part of nose
33
Q

Identify four branches of the maxillary nerve that contribute to sensory innervation of the face

A
  • Zygomaticotemporal branch supplying anterior temple
  • Zygomaticofacial branch innervating a small area of skin over zygomatic bone
  • Infra-orbital nerve innervating lower eyelid and cheek
34
Q

Identify four branches of the mandibular nerve that contribute to sensory innervation of the face

A
  • Auriculotemporal branch innervating external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane and temple
  • Buccal nerve innervating cheek
  • Mental nerve innervating chin
  • Lingual nerve, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
35
Q

What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Muscles in area of temple. forehead and supraorbital area
36
Q

What does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Muscles in the infra-orbital area, lateral nasal area and upper lip
37
Q

What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Muscles in the cheek, upper lip, corner of the mouth
38
Q

What does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Muscles in the cheek, upper lip and corner of the mouth
39
Q

What does the cervical mandibular branch of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • Platysma
40
Q

What is the root of the tongue attached to?

A
  • Mandible

- Hyoid bone

41
Q

What structure separates the oral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue?

A
  • Terminal sulcus
42
Q

What are filiform papillae?

A
  • Small, cone-shaped projections of mucosa that end in one or more points
43
Q

What are fungiform papillae?

A
  • Medium, round projections of mucosa that are concentrated along the margins of the tongue
44
Q

What are the vallate papillae?

A
  • Large cylindrical papillae

dispersed in a V-shape line anterior to the terminal sulcus of the tongue

45
Q

What are the foliate papilae?

A
  • Linear folds of mucosa on the sides of the tongue near the terminal sulcus
46
Q

What is the role of the papillae?

A
  • Increase area of contact between the surface of the tongue and the contents of the oral cavity
47
Q

Which pupillae do not possess taste buds on their surfaces?

A
  • Filiform pupillae
48
Q

What is the major artery that supplies the tongue?

A
  • Lingual artery
49
Q

Which veins drain the tongue?

A
  • Lingual veins

- Located on inferior surface of tongue on each side lateral to frenulum

50
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the tongue?

A
  • Deep cervical nodes

- Along internal jugular vein

51
Q

Outline the innervation of the tongue

A
  • Sensation to anterior 2/3: lingual nerve, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
  • Taste for anterior 2/3: facial nerve
  • Sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue: glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Motor innervation: hypoglossal nerve, except for palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus
52
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

A
  • Origin: Median septum
  • Insertion: Margins of tongue
  • Action: Shortens tongue
53
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

A
  • Origin: Root of tongue
  • Insertion: Apex of tongue
  • Action: Shortens tongue
54
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the transverse muscle of the tongue

A
  • Origin: Median septum of tongue
  • Insertion: Lateral markings of tongue
  • Action: Narrows and elongates tongud
55
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the vertical muscle of the tongue

A
  • Origin: Dorsum of tongue
  • Insertion: Ventral regions of tongue
  • Action: Flattens and widens tongue
56
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the genioglossus muscle

A
  • Origin: Superior mental spines
  • Insertion: Hyoid bone
  • Action: Protrudes tongue
57
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the hypoglossus muscle

A
  • Origin: Greater horn of hyoid bone
  • Insertion: Lateral surface of tongue
  • Action: Depresses tongue
58
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the styloglossus muscle

A
  • Origin: Styloid process
  • Insertion: lateral surface of tongue
  • Action: Elevates and retracts tongue
59
Q

Identify the origin, insertion and function of the palatoglossus muscle

A
  • Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
  • Insertion: Lateral margin of tongue
  • Action: Depresses palate, elevates back of tongue
60
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the masseter

A
  • Origin: Zygomatic arch
  • Insertion: Ramus of mandible
  • Action: Elevation of mandible
  • Innervation: Masseteric nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
61
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the temporalis

A
  • Origin: Temporal fossa
  • Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
  • Action: Elevation and retraction of mandible
  • Innervation: Temporal nerves, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
62
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle

A
  • Origin: Medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process
  • Insertion: Medial surface of mandible near angle of mandible
  • Action: Elevation and lateral movements of mandible
  • Innervation: Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
63
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle

A
  • Origin: Lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process
  • Insertion: Capsule of temporomandibular joint
  • Action: Protrusion and lateral movements of mandible
  • Nerve to lateral pterygoid, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
64
Q

Which nerve provides sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A
  • LIngual nerve
65
Q

Where is the foramen cecum located and what is its significance?

A
  • Apex of the V-shaped sulcus terminalis

- Embryological origin of epithelia of thyroid gland

Semester 3: Mind and Movement (21 decks)

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