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Semester 3: Mind and Movement > Anatomy Topic 3 Case 10 > Flashcards

Anatomy Topic 3 Case 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the neck extend to anteriorly?

A
  • From lower border of mandible

- To upper surface of manubrium of sternum

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2
Q

What does the neck extend to posteriorly?

A
  • Superior nuchal line

- Intervertebral disc between C7 and T1

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3
Q

Where is the visceral compartment of the neck located and what does it contain?

A
  • Anteriorly

- Digestive and respiratory systems, endocrine glands

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4
Q

Where is the vertebral compartment of the neck located and what does it contain?

A
  • Posteriorly

- Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves, muscles

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5
Q

Where are the vascular compartments of the neck located and what do they contain?

A
  • Laterally

- Major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Midline of the neck
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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Anterior border of trapezius
  • Middle-third of clavicle
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8
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the neck made up of?

A
  • Platysma

- Which runs in the superficial fascia of the thorax, to the mandible to blend with the facial muscles

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A
  • Cervical branch of facial nerve
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10
Q

Which fascia runs deep to the superficial fascia

A
  • Deep cervical fascia
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11
Q

Identify the four layers of the deep cervical fascia

A
  • Investing layer surrounding all neck structures
  • Prevertebral layer surrounding the vertebral column and associated muscles
  • Pretracheal layer surrounding the viscera of the neck
  • Carotid sheaths surrounding the neurovascular bundles on either side of the neck
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12
Q

Where is the pretracheal space located?

A
  • Between investing layer and pretracheal layer
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13
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space located?

A
  • Between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia
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14
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pretracheal and retropharyngeal spaces?

A
  • They provide a conduit for spread of infection from the neck to the mediastinum
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15
Q

What are the main channels for superficial venous drainage of the neck?

A
  • External jugular veins

- Anterior jugular veins

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16
Q

Which two veins join to form the external jugular vein?

A
  • Posterior auricular vein

- Posterior division of retromandibular vein

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17
Q

What does the posterior auricular vein drain?

A
  • Scalp behind and above the ear
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18
Q

How and where is the retromandibular vein formed?

A
  • Union of the superficial temporal and mandibular veins

- In the substance of the parotid gland

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19
Q

The anterior division of the retromandibular vein joins which vein to form the common facial vein?

A
  • Facial vein
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20
Q

The external jugular vein passes in which layers of fascia?

A
  • Superficial fascia

- Investing layer of cervical fascia

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21
Q

The external jugular vein enters which vein?

A
  • Subclavian vein
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22
Q

Identify the four triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  • Submandibular triangle
  • Submental triangle
  • Muscular triangle
  • Carotid triangle
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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Anterior belly of digastric
  • Posterior belly of digastric
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24
Q

Identify five contents of the submandibular triangle

A
  • Submandibular glands
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Mylohyoid
  • Facial artery and vein
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25
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A
  • Midline
  • Anterior belly of digastric
  • Hyoid bone
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26
Q

Identify two contents of the submental triangle

A
  • Submental lymph nodes

- Tributaries forming the anterior jugular vein

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27
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A
  • Superior belly of omohyoid
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Midline
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28
Q

Identify seven contents of the muscular triangle

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyroid glands
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Pharynx
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29
Q

What are the outlines of the carotid triangle?

A
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • Superior belly of omohyoid
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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30
Q

Identify eight contents of the carotid triangle of the neck

A
  • Common carotid artery
  • External carotid artery
  • Internal carotid artery
  • Common facial vein
  • internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
  • Accessory nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
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31
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles

A
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
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32
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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33
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Depression of mandible if mandible

- Elevation of hyoid if mandible is fixed

34
Q

what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Depression of the hyoid bone
35
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery arise?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
36
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery arise?

A
  • Branches from arch of the aorta
37
Q

Where does bifurcation of the common carotid arteries take place?

A
  • Carotid triangle
38
Q

What is the carotid sinus and where is it located?

A
  • Bifurcation of common carotid artery
  • Dilation at beginning of internal carotid artery
  • Contains baroreceptors for changes in blood pressure
  • Which are innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
39
Q

What is the carotid body and where is it located?

A
  • Bifurcation of common carotid artery
  • Contains chemoreceptors for changes in blood chemistry
  • Which are innervated by both glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
40
Q

Identify eight branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery
  • Occipital artery
  • Posterior auricular artery
  • Maxillary artery
  • Superficial temporal artery
41
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Anterior surface of bifurcation of common carotid artery

- Thyroid gland

42
Q

Where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Posterior aspect of external carotid artery

- Meninges in posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

Where does the lingual artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Anterior aspect of external carotid artery just above superior thyroid artery
  • Tongue
44
Q

Where does the facial artery arise?

A
  • Anterior aspect of external carotid artery just above lingual artery
45
Q

Where does the occipital artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Posterior surface of external carotid artery near the level of origin of the facial artery
  • Sternocleidomastoid / meninges in posterior cranial fossa
46
Q

Where does the posterior auricular artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Posterior surface of external carotid artery

- Parotid gland

47
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Posterior to neck of mandible

- Temporomandibular joint / external acoustic meatus

48
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery

A
  • Upward continuation of external carotid artery, beginning posterior to neck of mandible
  • Parotid gland
49
Q

The internal jugular vein is a continuation of which dural venous sinus?

A
  • Sigmoid sinus
50
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein leave the skull?

A
  • Jugular foramen
51
Q

Which veins do the internal jugular veins pair with? Which vein does this union form?

A
  • Subclavian veins

- Brachiocephalic veins

52
Q

Name five cranial nerves that run in the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Accessory
  • Hypoglossal
53
Q

The facial nerve leaves which foramen to enter the anterior triangle of the neck? What does it supply in this area?

A
  • Stylomastoid foramen
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • Stylohyoid muscle
54
Q

Outline the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the neck

A
  • Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen most anteriorly
  • Descends between internal carotid artery and vein
  • Curves around lateral border of stylopharyngeus
  • Continues anteriorly deep to hyoglossus
55
Q

Outline the course of the vagus nerve in the neck

A
  • Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen

- Descends in carotid sheath posterior to internal carotid artery

56
Q

Outline the course of the accessory nerve in the neck

A
  • Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen most posteriorly
  • Descends between internal carotid artery and vein
  • Continues posteriorly beneath anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
57
Q

Outline the course of the hypoglossal in the neck

A
  • Leaves cranial cavity through hypoglossal canal
  • Descends between internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery
  • Hooks around occipital artery
  • Crosses lingual artery
  • Continues deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
58
Q

The transverse cervical nerve is a branch of which cervical nerves?

A
  • Anterior rami of C2 and C3
59
Q

Outline the course of the transverse cervical nerve in the neck

A
  • Emerges from beneath sternocleidomastoid

- Loops around sternocleidomastoid and passes anteriorly in a transverse direction

60
Q

The ansa cervicalis nerve is a loop of which cervical nerves?

A
  • C1 to C3
61
Q

Outline the course of the ansa cervicalis nerve in the neck

A
  • Fibres from C1/ C2 join hypoglossal nerve soon after it leaves skull
  • Superior root descends from hypoglossal nerve as it passes across the carotid arteries and
  • Fibres from C2/C3 descend and join superior root to complete the loop
62
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid
63
Q

What forms the posterior boundary of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Anterior edge of trapezius
64
Q

What forms the basal boundary of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Middle 1/3 of clavicle
65
Q

What forms the apical boundary of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Occipital bone
66
Q

Name the five groups of lymph nodes that drain the neck

A
  • Occipital nodes
  • Mastoid nodes
  • Parotid nodes
  • Submandibular nodes
  • Submental nodes
67
Q

What do the occipital nodes drain?

A
  • Posterior scalp and neck
68
Q

What do the mastoid nodes drain?

A
  • Posterolateral half of scalp
69
Q

What does the parotid nodes drain?

A
  • Anterolateral half of scalp
  • Upper half of face
  • Cheeks
  • Eyelids
70
Q

What do the submandibular nodes drain?

A
  • Forehead
  • Gingivae
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
71
Q

What do the submental nodes drain?

A
  • Lower lip
  • Chin
  • Floor of mouth
  • Tip of tongue
  • Lower incisor teeth
72
Q

Drainage from the occipital and mastoid nodes pass to which nodes?

A
  • Superficial cervical nodes along external jugular vein
73
Q

Drainage from the parotid, submandibular and submental nodes pass to which nodes?

A
  • Deep cervical nodes
74
Q

Identify two deep cervical lymph nodes and what they drain

A
  • Jugulodigastric nodes which drain lymph from tonsils and tongue
  • Jugulo-omohyoid nodes which drain lymph from tongue
75
Q

At which vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur?

A
  • Intervertebral disc between C3 and C4
76
Q

At which vertebral level is the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage located?

A
  • Intervertebral disc between C3 and C4
77
Q

Which vertebral level marks the transition from pharynx to oesophagus?

A
  • C6
78
Q

Which vertebral level marks the transition from larynx to trachea?

A
  • C6
79
Q

Outline the boundaries of the occipital triangle

A
  • Trapezius
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid
  • Sternocleidomastoid
80
Q

Outline the boundaries of the supraclavicular triangle

A
  • Clavicle
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid
  • Sternocleidomastoid

Semester 3: Mind and Movement (21 decks)

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