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Semester 3: Mind and Movement > Anatomy Topic 3 Case 10 > Flashcards

Anatomy Topic 3 Case 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the neck extend to anteriorly?

A
  • From lower border of mandible

- To upper surface of manubrium of sternum

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2
Q

What does the neck extend to posteriorly?

A
  • Superior nuchal line

- Intervertebral disc between C7 and T1

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3
Q

Where is the visceral compartment of the neck located and what does it contain?

A
  • Anteriorly

- Digestive and respiratory systems, endocrine glands

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4
Q

Where is the vertebral compartment of the neck located and what does it contain?

A
  • Posteriorly

- Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nerves, muscles

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5
Q

Where are the vascular compartments of the neck located and what do they contain?

A
  • Laterally

- Major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Midline of the neck
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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Anterior border of trapezius
  • Middle-third of clavicle
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8
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the neck made up of?

A
  • Platysma

- Which runs in the superficial fascia of the thorax, to the mandible to blend with the facial muscles

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A
  • Cervical branch of facial nerve
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10
Q

Which fascia runs deep to the superficial fascia

A
  • Deep cervical fascia
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11
Q

Identify the four layers of the deep cervical fascia

A
  • Investing layer surrounding all neck structures
  • Prevertebral layer surrounding the vertebral column and associated muscles
  • Pretracheal layer surrounding the viscera of the neck
  • Carotid sheaths surrounding the neurovascular bundles on either side of the neck
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12
Q

Where is the pretracheal space located?

A
  • Between investing layer and pretracheal layer
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13
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space located?

A
  • Between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia
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14
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pretracheal and retropharyngeal spaces?

A
  • They provide a conduit for spread of infection from the neck to the mediastinum
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15
Q

What are the main channels for superficial venous drainage of the neck?

A
  • External jugular veins

- Anterior jugular veins

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16
Q

Which two veins join to form the external jugular vein?

A
  • Posterior auricular vein

- Posterior division of retromandibular vein

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17
Q

What does the posterior auricular vein drain?

A
  • Scalp behind and above the ear
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18
Q

How and where is the retromandibular vein formed?

A
  • Union of the superficial temporal and mandibular veins

- In the substance of the parotid gland

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19
Q

The anterior division of the retromandibular vein joins which vein to form the common facial vein?

A
  • Facial vein
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20
Q

The external jugular vein passes in which layers of fascia?

A
  • Superficial fascia

- Investing layer of cervical fascia

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21
Q

The external jugular vein enters which vein?

A
  • Subclavian vein
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22
Q

Identify the four triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  • Submandibular triangle
  • Submental triangle
  • Muscular triangle
  • Carotid triangle
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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Anterior belly of digastric
  • Posterior belly of digastric
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24
Q

Identify five contents of the submandibular triangle

A
  • Submandibular glands
  • Submandibular lymph nodes
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Mylohyoid
  • Facial artery and vein
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25
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
- Midline - Anterior belly of digastric - Hyoid bone
26
Identify two contents of the submental triangle
- Submental lymph nodes | - Tributaries forming the anterior jugular vein
27
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
- Superior belly of omohyoid - Sternocleidomastoid - Midline
28
Identify seven contents of the muscular triangle
- Sternohyoid - Omohyoid - Thyrohyoid - Sternothyroid - Thyroid glands - Parathyroid glands - Pharynx
29
What are the outlines of the carotid triangle?
- Posterior belly of digastric - Superior belly of omohyoid - Sternocleidomastoid
30
Identify eight contents of the carotid triangle of the neck
- Common carotid artery - External carotid artery - Internal carotid artery - Common facial vein - internal jugular vein - Vagus nerve - Accessory nerve - Hypoglossal nerve
31
Name the suprahyoid muscles
- Stylohyoid - Digastric - Mylohyoid - Geniohyoid
32
Name the infrahyoid muscles
- Omohyoid - Sternohyoid - Thyrohyoid - Sternothyroid
33
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
- Depression of mandible if mandible | - Elevation of hyoid if mandible is fixed
34
what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?
- Depression of the hyoid bone
35
Where does the right common carotid artery arise?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
36
Where does the left common carotid artery arise?
- Branches from arch of the aorta
37
Where does bifurcation of the common carotid arteries take place?
- Carotid triangle
38
What is the carotid sinus and where is it located?
- Bifurcation of common carotid artery - Dilation at beginning of internal carotid artery - Contains baroreceptors for changes in blood pressure - Which are innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
39
What is the carotid body and where is it located?
- Bifurcation of common carotid artery - Contains chemoreceptors for changes in blood chemistry - Which are innervated by both glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
40
Identify eight branches of the external carotid artery
- Superior thyroid artery - Ascending pharyngeal artery - Lingual artery - Facial artery - Occipital artery - Posterior auricular artery - Maxillary artery - Superficial temporal artery
41
Where does the superior thyroid artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Anterior surface of bifurcation of common carotid artery | - Thyroid gland
42
Where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Posterior aspect of external carotid artery | - Meninges in posterior cranial fossa
43
Where does the lingual artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Anterior aspect of external carotid artery just above superior thyroid artery - Tongue
44
Where does the facial artery arise?
- Anterior aspect of external carotid artery just above lingual artery
45
Where does the occipital artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Posterior surface of external carotid artery near the level of origin of the facial artery - Sternocleidomastoid / meninges in posterior cranial fossa
46
Where does the posterior auricular artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Posterior surface of external carotid artery | - Parotid gland
47
Where does the maxillary artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Posterior to neck of mandible | - Temporomandibular joint / external acoustic meatus
48
Where does the superficial temporal artery arise? Name a structure supplied by this artery
- Upward continuation of external carotid artery, beginning posterior to neck of mandible - Parotid gland
49
The internal jugular vein is a continuation of which dural venous sinus?
- Sigmoid sinus
50
Where does the internal jugular vein leave the skull?
- Jugular foramen
51
Which veins do the internal jugular veins pair with? Which vein does this union form?
- Subclavian veins | - Brachiocephalic veins
52
Name five cranial nerves that run in the anterior triangle of the neck
- Facial - Glossopharyngeal - Vagus - Accessory - Hypoglossal
53
The facial nerve leaves which foramen to enter the anterior triangle of the neck? What does it supply in this area?
- Stylomastoid foramen - Posterior belly of digastric - Stylohyoid muscle
54
Outline the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the neck
- Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen most anteriorly - Descends between internal carotid artery and vein - Curves around lateral border of stylopharyngeus - Continues anteriorly deep to hyoglossus
55
Outline the course of the vagus nerve in the neck
- Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen | - Descends in carotid sheath posterior to internal carotid artery
56
Outline the course of the accessory nerve in the neck
- Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen most posteriorly - Descends between internal carotid artery and vein - Continues posteriorly beneath anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
57
Outline the course of the hypoglossal in the neck
- Leaves cranial cavity through hypoglossal canal - Descends between internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery - Hooks around occipital artery - Crosses lingual artery - Continues deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
58
The transverse cervical nerve is a branch of which cervical nerves?
- Anterior rami of C2 and C3
59
Outline the course of the transverse cervical nerve in the neck
- Emerges from beneath sternocleidomastoid | - Loops around sternocleidomastoid and passes anteriorly in a transverse direction
60
The ansa cervicalis nerve is a loop of which cervical nerves?
- C1 to C3
61
Outline the course of the ansa cervicalis nerve in the neck
- Fibres from C1/ C2 join hypoglossal nerve soon after it leaves skull - Superior root descends from hypoglossal nerve as it passes across the carotid arteries and - Fibres from C2/C3 descend and join superior root to complete the loop
62
What forms the anterior boundary of the posterior triangle?
- Posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid
63
What forms the posterior boundary of the posterior triangle?
- Anterior edge of trapezius
64
What forms the basal boundary of the posterior triangle?
- Middle 1/3 of clavicle
65
What forms the apical boundary of the posterior triangle?
- Occipital bone
66
Name the five groups of lymph nodes that drain the neck
- Occipital nodes - Mastoid nodes - Parotid nodes - Submandibular nodes - Submental nodes
67
What do the occipital nodes drain?
- Posterior scalp and neck
68
What do the mastoid nodes drain?
- Posterolateral half of scalp
69
What does the parotid nodes drain?
- Anterolateral half of scalp - Upper half of face - Cheeks - Eyelids
70
What do the submandibular nodes drain?
- Forehead - Gingivae - Teeth - Tongue
71
What do the submental nodes drain?
- Lower lip - Chin - Floor of mouth - Tip of tongue - Lower incisor teeth
72
Drainage from the occipital and mastoid nodes pass to which nodes?
- Superficial cervical nodes along external jugular vein
73
Drainage from the parotid, submandibular and submental nodes pass to which nodes?
- Deep cervical nodes
74
Identify two deep cervical lymph nodes and what they drain
- Jugulodigastric nodes which drain lymph from tonsils and tongue - Jugulo-omohyoid nodes which drain lymph from tongue
75
At which vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur?
- Intervertebral disc between C3 and C4
76
At which vertebral level is the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage located?
- Intervertebral disc between C3 and C4
77
Which vertebral level marks the transition from pharynx to oesophagus?
- C6
78
Which vertebral level marks the transition from larynx to trachea?
- C6
79
Outline the boundaries of the occipital triangle
- Trapezius - Inferior belly of omohyoid - Sternocleidomastoid
80
Outline the boundaries of the supraclavicular triangle
- Clavicle - Inferior belly of omohyoid - Sternocleidomastoid

Semester 3: Mind and Movement (21 decks)

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