(Anatomy and Physiology) The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What 5 basic functions do bones serve?
Structure
Leverage
Protection
Mineral reserves
Blood cell production
A _____ bone is composed of ___% inorganic materials and __% organic components
~70
30
How many types of bone cells are there? Name them
3 types: Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
What do osteoblasts do?
Lay down the collagen matrix
What do osteocytes do?
Responsible for maintaining the bone matrix
What do osteoclasts do?
Large cells that release minerals from bone
What are fixed joints also known as?
Fibrous joints
Describe fibrous joints
Bones are brought together with a dense connective tissue
Describe cartilage joints
Bones connected with cartilage
Describe synovial joints
Moveable joints enclosed with a joint capsule
Articular cartilage covers the contact surfaces of the 2 bones
Synovial fluid provides lubrication and nutrients; ligaments provide strength
Give an example of a cartilage joint
Growth plate of young animals, intervertebral disk etc.
What covers the contact surface of the 2 bones in a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
In a synovial joint, _________ _____ provides lubrication and nutrients; _________ provide strength
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
What occurs when the angle between 2 bones gets smaller?
Flexion
What occurs as the angle between the bones increases?
Extension
What occurs when a part is moved away from the body?
Abduction
What occurs when a part is moved closer to the body?
Adduction
What allows movement in one axis? Give an example
Hinge joints (e.x. elbow)
What allows rotation around a point? Give an example
Pivot joints (e.x. neck)
What allows motion in both hinge fashion and rotation? Give an example
Ellipsoid joints (e.x. wrist)
What allows motion in any direction? Give an example
Ball-and-socket joints (e.x. hip or shoulder)
What does the axial skeleton contain?
Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
What breeds of dog have higher incidences of intervertebral disk disease?
Dachshund, Pekingese etc.
