(Anatomy and Physiology) The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What 5 basic functions do bones serve?

Answer 1

Structure
Leverage
Protection
Mineral reserves
Blood cell production

Question 2

A _____ bone is composed of ___% inorganic materials and __% organic components

Answer 2

~70
30

Question 3

How many types of bone cells are there? Name them

Answer 3

3 types: Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 4

What do osteoblasts do?

Answer 4

Lay down the collagen matrix

Question 5

What do osteocytes do?

Answer 5

Responsible for maintaining the bone matrix

Question 6

What do osteoclasts do?

Answer 6

Large cells that release minerals from bone

Question 7

What are fixed joints also known as?

Answer 7

Fibrous joints

Question 8

Describe fibrous joints

Answer 8

Bones are brought together with a dense connective tissue

Question 9

Describe cartilage joints

Answer 9

Bones connected with cartilage

Question 10

Describe synovial joints

Answer 10

Moveable joints enclosed with a joint capsule
Articular cartilage covers the contact surfaces of the 2 bones
Synovial fluid provides lubrication and nutrients; ligaments provide strength

Question 11

Give an example of a cartilage joint

Answer 11

Growth plate of young animals, intervertebral disk etc.

Question 12

What covers the contact surface of the 2 bones in a synovial joint?

Answer 12

Articular cartilage

Question 13

In a synovial joint, _________ _____ provides lubrication and nutrients; _________ provide strength

Answer 13

Synovial fluid
Ligaments

Question 14

What occurs when the angle between 2 bones gets smaller?

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

What occurs as the angle between the bones increases?

Answer 15

Extension

Question 16

What occurs when a part is moved away from the body?

Answer 16

Abduction

Question 17

What occurs when a part is moved closer to the body?

Answer 17

Adduction

Question 18

What allows movement in one axis? Give an example

Answer 18

Hinge joints (e.x. elbow)

Question 19

What allows rotation around a point? Give an example

Answer 19

Pivot joints (e.x. neck)

Question 20

What allows motion in both hinge fashion and rotation? Give an example

Answer 20

Ellipsoid joints (e.x. wrist)

Question 21

What allows motion in any direction? Give an example

Answer 21

Ball-and-socket joints (e.x. hip or shoulder)

Question 22

What does the axial skeleton contain?

Answer 22

Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum

Question 23

What breeds of dog have higher incidences of intervertebral disk disease?

Answer 23

Dachshund, Pekingese etc.