(Anatomy and Physiology) Renal System Flashcards
The _______ produce urine and are just ventral to and on either side of the _____ in the dorsal part of the abdomen
Kidneys
Spine
What lines the entire abdominal cavity?
The peritoneum, a thin sheet of connective tissue
The peritoneum has a similar structure to the:
Pleura, forms the thoracic cavity and lungs
The kidneys lie between the __________ and the adjacent _______ of the _____
Peritoneum
Muscles
Spine
True or False:
Kidneys are located in the abdomen
Not necessarily located in the abdomen, but in the retroperitoneal area
The kidneys are organs in the form of _______ _____ _____. In most species, the kidney surface is very ______
Reddish brown beans
Smooth
What are present in the central region of the kidneys? (3)
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
What provides the kidney with blood?
The abdominal aorta branching the renal artery
Every minute, as much as __% to __% of the blood pumped from the heart travels through the kidney
20
25
The renal vein returns the blood to the ______ ____ ____ that has passed through the kidney
Caudal vena cava
Define:
Ureter
The tubular structure that carries urine to the urinary bladder, emerges from each kidney
The ureter is filled by ____________ __________, allowing changes in _______ ________
Transitional epithelium
Opening diameter
True or False:
The urinary bladder’s wall irrespective of the animal’s place
True
At a sharp angle, the ureters enter the ________ and at the opening have a _____ _________
Bladder
Rigid sphincter
True or False:
There is no reverse flow from the kidneys to bladder
True, the mixture means that from the bladder to the kidneys there is no reverse flow
A ______ organ, the urinary bladder has a great ability to ______ in order to store _____
Hollow
Expand
Urine
What is the bladder filled by?
Intermediate epithelium
What does the epithelium in an empty bladder look like compared to a fully distended bladder?
The epithelium appears to be thick at least six or seven layers of cells in the empty bladder.
It appears to be only a few cells thick in the fully distended bladder
How is the prevention of reverse flow between kidneys and bladder useful?
Very useful in preserving the kidneys when there is a bacterial infection in the bladder
What are the functions of the bladder? (3)
Urine collection
Urine storage
Controls urine release
As it reaches the urethra, the bladder _______
Narrows
What protects the neck of the bladder? What does it create?
A band of skeletal muscle in the wall
Creates a sphincter
Is the sphincter of the bladder controlled autonomously or consciously?
Both; As pressure within the bladder increases, stretch receptors indicate urination
The ______ muscle in the bladder ____ contracts simultaneously driving _____ into the ________
Smooth
Wall
Urine
Urethra