ALt. in Musculoskeletal Fxn: trauma, disease, and infection

Question 1

what are the 2 types of soft tissues?

Answer 1

contractile and inert

Question 2

ligament

Answer 2

a dense connective tissue with prallel-fibered collagenous tissues designed to connect bone to done

Question 3

Strain

Answer 3

injuries ro muscles

Question 4

Sprains

Answer 4

injuries to ligaments (bone to bone)

Question 5

Rotator cuff injuries

Answer 5

injuries to tendons (muscle to bone)

Question 6

When do injuries to ligaments occur?

Answer 6

when loading exceeds the physiologic range of motion

Question 7

Fasciae

Answer 7

occurs when connective tissues of the body are arranged in sheaths that envelopes muscles

Question 8

What are the results of the trauma to the fasciae?

Answer 8

edema and scarring

Question 9

location between muscles or between muscle or tendon and bone, connective tissue forms a pocket lined with synovium that contains fluid

Answer 9

bursae

Question 10

tendonitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the tendon within the sheath in which a tendon slide may also be traumatized

Question 11

Causes of tendonitis

Answer 11

infection, direct injury, or i jury from repetitive motion

Question 12

Compartment syndrome

Answer 12

due to trauma to soft tissue the unyielding structure of inert tissue

Question 13

what are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 13

cortical and cancellous bone

Question 14

cortical bone

Answer 14

forms the cortex of the bone that is designed to tolerate compression and shearing forces

Question 15

cancellous bone

Answer 15

found in the interior bone that has a spongy or lattice-like appearance

Question 16

fracture

Answer 16

a break in continuity of a bone, an epiphyseal plate or a cartilaginous joint surface

Question 17

a fracture that occurs in a straight line at approx a 90 degree angle

Answer 17

transverse

Question 18

a fracture that results from a rotational force and cause the bone to separate in an S around the bone

Answer 18

spiral

Question 19

fracture in which the bone splits along its length

Answer 19

longitudinal

Question 20

fracture that results from a rotational force at a 45 degree angle

Answer 20

oblique

Question 21

fracture that consist of more than one fracture line and more than 2 bone fragments

Answer 21

comminuted

Question 22

fracture that is an incomplete break in the bone

Answer 22

greenstick

Question 23

Johnny broke his tibia and 5 days later he came back to the hospital and demonstrated chest pain, dyspnea and hypoxemia, what should Nurse Nelson consider?

Answer 23

deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism

Question 24

Severe pyogenic infection of bone and local tissue that requires immediate treatment

Answer 24

osteomyelitis

Question 25

Etiology of osteomyelitis

Answer 25

Hematogenous osteomyelitis is an infectious agent that may be introduced by blood from infection elsewhere in the body

Question 26

SI/SX of osteomyelitis

Answer 26

high fever, pain at the site of bone involvement, muscle spasms, redness, swelling and may refuse to move limbs (children) fever, malaise, anorexia, night sweats and weight loss

Question 27

An extrapulmonary form of TB that occurs after lymphohetagenous or sometimes contiguous spread from primary lung lesion.

Answer 27

bone and joint TB

Question 28

SI/SX of bone and joint TB

Answer 28

local pain, low-grade fever, weakness of lower-extremities

Question 29

Lateral curvature of the spine resulting in an S- or C- shapes spinal column with vertebral rotation

Answer 29

scoliosis

Question 30

SI/SX of scoliosis

Answer 30

uneven hips, shoulder or scapular prominence, rib or chest hump when bending over and C or S shaped spine

Question 31

What are the 2 types of scoliosis?

Answer 31

structural- lateral curve of the spine that fails to correct itself on forced bending itself against the curvature and has vertebral rotation nonstructural- resolves when the patient bends to the affected side

Question 32

the most common metabolic disease

Answer 32

osteoporosis

Question 33

SI/SX of osteoporosis

Answer 33

shortened stature, muscle wasting or spasms of back muscles and difficulty bending over, person may complain of impaired breathing

Question 34

Treatment for osteoporosis

Answer 34

moderate, regular exercise, CA2+ and vitamin D3, and antiresorptive agents

Question 35

What is deficit n mineralization of newly formed bone matrix either in growing skeleton or in the mature skeleton with resulting soft osteopenic bone called?

Answer 35

rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults)

Question 36

What are 2 common deformities as well as growth retardation?

Answer 36

genu valgum (knock-kneaded) and genu varum (bowleg)

Question 37

Slowly progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by an initial phase of excessive bone resorption, mediated osteoclasts, followed by excessive bone formation

Answer 37

paget disease

Question 38

What are the type of malignant neoplasms that originate in the bone?

Answer 38

sarcomas

Question 39

primary carcinomas that metastasize to bone are from

Answer 39

breast, prostate, lungs, and kidneys carcinomas

Question 40

Osteochondroma

Answer 40

a common cartilage-forming benign tumor that is often asymptomatic and may not be discovered until adulthood

Question 41

Chondroma

Answer 41

a cartilage-forming tumor in bone that can be located in the medullary cavity or in the subperiosteal layers of the bone

Question 42

If Ken complains of persistent, dull pain that is worse at night, for which he takes aspirin for and feels better afterwards. He comes into the hospital and the a lesion is found on the cortex of his tibia. What is his diagnosis?

Answer 42

osteoid osteoma

Question 43

What is the most common malignant bone tumor that is characterized by the formation of bone or osteoid by tumor cells?

Answer 43

osteosarcoma

Question 44

These slow and high cellularity tumors develop in the pelvis that can metastasize to the lung is called what?

Answer 44

chondrosarcoma

Question 45

This type of malignant bone cancer develops in children in which pain is the dominant symptom that increases in severity?

Answer 45

Ewing sarcoma

Question 46

Slow growing bone marrow malignancy with neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells?

Answer 46

multiple myeloma

Question 47

The most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy that results from the deficiency of dystrophin leading to muscle necrosis and degeneration?

Answer 47

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 48

Who is most affected by duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Answer 48

males because is x-linked trait

Question 49

SI/SX of duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 49

calf muscles are enlarged, age 12-14 they may be confined to a wheelchair

Question 50

A milder form of inherited dystrophy deficit and slower muscular degeneration type of dystrophy disease?

Answer 50

becker muscular dystrophy

Question 51

An autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular fxn of voluntary muscles and characterized by profound muscle weakness ad fatigability?

Answer 51

Myasthenia gravis

Question 52

pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis

Answer 52

Ach receptors Abs are produced that destroy or block Ach receptors of the neuromuscular jxn

Question 53

Chronic pain in muscles and surrounding structures

Answer 53

Fibromyalgia

Question 54

SI/SX of fibromyalgia

Answer 54

fatigue, headache, joint pain, numbness and tingling, memory and concentration difficulty, edema of the hands and sensitivity to cold