AG MED - RESPIRATORY - Signs & Diagnostics

Question 1

In addition to the following, name five signs of respiratory disease.

• cough
• nasal discharge
• stridor
• abnormal sounds
• dyspnea
• cyanosis

Answer 1

• abducted elbows
• exercise intolerance
• necrotic smell
• nasal erosions, ulcers, etc.
• distortion of nasal bones

Question 2

In general, a productive cough indicates __________ and a nonproductive cough indicates ____________.

Answer 2

Productive - lower respiratory tract

Nonproductive - upper respiratory tract

Question 3

What can viruses do to the epithelium?

How long can it take to repair itself?

Answer 3

Question 4

???

Answer 4

Question 5

Is the presence of nasal discharge pathognomonic?

What are three qualities of nasal discharge to note?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the cause of most stridor?

Which ruminants are obligate nasal breathers?

Do you usually need a stethoscope to hear stridor?

Answer 6

Question 7

Normal lung sounds increase with ________.

Normal lung sounds decrease with ________.

List four abnormal adventitial lung sounds.

Answer 7

Question 8

Epistaxis =
Two DFDX:

Hemoptysis =
Two DFDX:

Answer 8

Question 9

What is dyspnea?

What is it based on?

Name 3 dfdx for respiratory dyspnea.

Name 3 types of non-respiratory dyspnea and give examples for each.

Answer 9

Dyspnea = difficult or labored breathing

Based on rate, rhythm (catching breath), character (inspiratory vs expiratory)

Question 10

What are the borders of the lung in the bovine?

Answer 10

Question 11

Four categories of lung sounds on auscultation

Answer 11

Question 12

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Answer 12

Question 13

Nine respiratory diagnostic procedures in addition to radiographs and ultrasound:

Answer 13

Percussion
Endoscopy
Trans-tracheal wash (TTW)
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Thoracocentesis
Sinus trephination
Lung biopsy
Arterial blood gas
Nuclear imaging

Question 14

Trans-tracheal wash (TTW)

Is it sterile?

What does it sample?

How does cytology correlate with culture and clinical signs?

Answer 14

Question 15

Trans-tracheal wash (TTW) vs bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

• Which results in better representation of the whole lung?
• Which is better for diffuse, non-bacterial lung disease?
• Which costs more?
• Which is better for culture?
• Which is sterile?
• Which is better for cytology?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is important to remember about each side during thoracocentesis?

Answer 16