AG MED - GI - JOHNE’S DISEASE Flashcards
What is paratuberculosis?
What organism causes paratuberculosis?
Difference in semantics between Johne’s disease and paratuberculosis
Herd prevalence of paratuberculosis
Herd losses due to paratuberculosis
Economic losses due to paratuberculosis
Paratuberculosis epidemiology
Amount of death loss at any one time:
Onset often associated with:
Infected primarily as calves by:
Adult infection:
See signs earlier with:
Epidemiology of paratuberculosis
When is MAP shed?
Where does MAP persist and for how long?
Epidemiology of paratuberculosis
Major route of infection:
Colostrum and milk:
Transplacental transmission:
Sexual transmission:
Paratuberculosis
For every clinical case _____ % of herd probably infected.
Detect only _______ % of these with current techniques.
If 25-30% are clinical:
What is the incubation period for paratuberculosis?
How long are animals clinical on average?
What is the course of “pipe stream diarrhea”?
Clinical signs of paratuberculosis
Weight:
Appetite:
Attitude:
Appearance (2):
Clinical pathology of paratuberculosis
Early stages:
Advanced
Protein, albumin, globulins:
Calcium, sodium, potassium:
RBC:
Phosphate:
What are the four stages of paratuberculosis?
Paratuberculosis Stage I
Description:
Age at infection:
Diarrhea:
Organism location:
Histology/culture:
Paratuberculosis Stage II
Description:
Diarrhea:
Antibodies:
Other diseases:
Fecal culture:
Environment:
Paratuberculosis Stage III
Description:
Weight:
Diarrhea:
Thirst/appetite:
Fecal culture:
Fecal PCR:
Ab ELISA/AGID:
Paratuberculosis Stage IV
Description:
Condition:
Diarrhea:
Death:
What are two testing strategies for paratuberculosis?
Spectrum of Immune Response to MAP
(Graph)
Cellular response
Humoral response
Bacterial load and shedding
Antibody based tests for paratuberculosis
What are the three tests?
Which would you use for animals with clinical signs?
Which isn’t good for individuals (unless they have advanced clincial disease) but is good for herds and groups?
Which has low sensitivity and specificity?
What are the two main antigen/organism based tests for paratuberculosis?
Which is the gold standard?
Cons of the gold standard?
Fecal culture and PCR
*Others = intradermal/IV Johnin test, biopsy of ileocecal junction/lymph node, and gamma interferon CMI test
Fecal culture is the gold standard; detect 1-4 years prior to clinical signs
Fecal culture is expensive ($50 WADDL) and time consuming (up to 6 months in sheep); prone to contaminants
PCR can be used to find MAP DNA fragments in what four things?
PCR can be used in combination with what test?
Three advantages of PCR:
Four disadvantages of PCR:
Feces, blood, milk, tissues (liver, lymph nodes, etc)
Combined with culture
Higher sensitivity, higher specificity, automation
Inhibitors, contaminants, less availability, expensive
Immune response for paratuberculosis
MAP is taken up by which two groups of cells?
How does the organism survive?
How does the infection spread?
What happens as mycobacteria-laden macrophages accumulate?
