AG MED - GI - Salmonellosis Flashcards
What species can be infected by salmonellosis?
What percentage of herds have at least one salmonellosis positive cow?
What percentage of all samples are positive?
Is salmonellosis host specific?
Which spp are “host adapted” for cattle?
Which spp are “host adapted” for sheep?
If you see one cow clinically affected by salmonellosis, what might the actual herd problem look like?
At what age might you see salmonellosis?
0 - 4+ weeks
Salmonella - pathophysiology
Salmonella is invasive via __________.
S. Dublin infects via _______________.
Stress leads to ______________ and shedding via __________.
What ages does enteric salmonella affect, and what are the serotypes?
What are the three mechanisms of diarrhea with salmonella?
How does inflammation and necrosis cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?
How does increased fluid secretion cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?
How does decreased absorption/maldigestion cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?
Name three clinical presentations of salmonellosis.
Which are often seen in a herd?
Individual disease depends on what three things?
Salmonella clinical presentations: Septicemia
Typically seen in calves and lambs of what age?
Name two spp.
Four signs of septicemia/endotoxemia
What is the course (time)?
Can be found dead with ______________
Salmonella - septicemia
What two signs might you see with the neurologic form?
What two signs might you see with the enteric form?
What does a typical hemogram look like (4)?
What are two sequelae caused by septicemia with salmonella?
What is a predisposing factor to septicemia with salmonella?
Which clinical presentation of salmonellosis is most predominant?
Acute enteritis
Which three Salmonella spp can cause acute enteritis?
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella newport
Salmonella dublin
Clinical signs of acute enteritis caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella newport
Initially:
Stool at first:
Stool later:
Followed by:
This causes:
Three initial clinical signs of acute enteritis caused by Salmonella dublin:
Will all calves that die have diarrhea?
What are you more likely to see (4)?
What do you see with adults?
What is one DFDX for these lesions?
Salmonella - acute enteritis presentation - hemogram
Leukocytes:
Fibrinogen:
Acid/base:
Sodium:
Potassium:
Protein:
What is the mortality rate with acute enteritis caused by salmonella?
What features might you see postmortem?
(EEFMPU)
How would you describe these postmortem findings?
What is a potential cause?
Acute enteritis caused by salmonella
Salmonella - Chronic enteritis
What age calves will you typically see this?
What will you see primarily?
What is the stool like?
What are three postmortem observations?
Which Salmonella spp is host adapted, endemic in certain farms, and can persist in mammary glands as a source of chronic mastitis?
Which Salmonella spp can cause isolated cases in adults, outbreaks in calves, and presents with signs of abdominal discomfort, pain, and colic in affected cows?
Salmonalla - Zoonotic concerns
Salmonella dublin:
Salmonella typhimurium:
Salmonella newport:
Salmonella infection routes (4-5)
Salmonella excretion routes (4)
Diagnosing salmonellosis (in addition to clinical signs)
History:
Neutrophils:
When is serology effective?
What is the definitive diagnostic?
Salmonellosis treatment
Is treatment effective for carriers and chronic cases?
Do antibiotics improve diarrhea?
When should antibiotics be used?
Salmonellosis Treatment
When using antibiotics to treat systemic infections, which is only used in monogastric animals?
Which abx is safe and effective?
Which abx may require a withdrawal period?
Which abx should only be used if there is respiratory disease?
What are two additional abx that can be used?
Supportive treatment for salmonellosis
Fluids should contain what three things?
When should you use IV vs PO fluids?
What are two additional supportive treatments?
Control and prevention of samonellosis
Which spp is host adapted?
What are three goals for its control and prevention?
Strategies for control and prevention of non-host adapted and host adapted strains of Salmonella
What should you do with affected calves < 6 mo old?
What should you do with regard to the environment?
What in-out strategy should be used?
In addition to paying attention to critical control points, what other three things should be considered?
Where does Salmonella survive the longest?
Feces; more than 6 months
What are some animal replication sites for Salmonella within the farm ecosystem?
Name three management adaptations for control and prevention of salmonellosis.
Is a killed whole cell bacterin vaccination recommended for treatment of Salmonellosis?
No
Two reasons to vaccinate for Salmonella
Three important Salmonella spp. control strategies (McGuirk & Peek)
- Manage new additions to minimize stress and infection of residents.
- Minimize stress by feeding good rations, providing adequate space for transitions, and maintain clean, uncrowned maternity pens.
- Manure-handling equipment is not used to handle feed, and it is kept out of feed lanes and food storage areas.
Salmonella is transmitted primarily by which route?
Salmonella infection and disease is a result of what three factors?
What can salmonella infect?
Are the majority of salmonella infections subclinical or clinical?
How do septicemic animals shed salmonella?
How are salmonella organisms killed?
How long does salmonella survive under dairy farm environmental conditions?
Where does salmonella like to replicate?
