AG MED - GI - Salmonellosis

Question 1

What species can be infected by salmonellosis?

What percentage of herds have at least one salmonellosis positive cow?

What percentage of all samples are positive?

Is salmonellosis host specific?

Which spp are “host adapted” for cattle?

Which spp are “host adapted” for sheep?

Answer 1

Question 2

If you see one cow clinically affected by salmonellosis, what might the actual herd problem look like?

Answer 2

Question 3

At what age might you see salmonellosis?

Answer 3

0 - 4+ weeks

Question 4

Salmonella - pathophysiology

Salmonella is invasive via __________.

S. Dublin infects via _______________.

Stress leads to ______________ and shedding via __________.

What ages does enteric salmonella affect, and what are the serotypes?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the three mechanisms of diarrhea with salmonella?

Answer 5

Question 6

How does inflammation and necrosis cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?

Answer 6

Question 7

How does increased fluid secretion cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?

Answer 7

Question 8

How does decreased absorption/maldigestion cause diarrhea with salmonellosis?

Answer 8

Question 9

Name three clinical presentations of salmonellosis.

Which are often seen in a herd?

Individual disease depends on what three things?

Answer 9

Question 10

Salmonella clinical presentations: Septicemia

Typically seen in calves and lambs of what age?

Name two spp.

Four signs of septicemia/endotoxemia

What is the course (time)?

Can be found dead with ______________

Answer 10

Question 11

Salmonella - septicemia

What two signs might you see with the neurologic form?

What two signs might you see with the enteric form?

What does a typical hemogram look like (4)?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are two sequelae caused by septicemia with salmonella?

What is a predisposing factor to septicemia with salmonella?

Answer 12

Question 13

Which clinical presentation of salmonellosis is most predominant?

Answer 13

Acute enteritis

Question 14

Which three Salmonella spp can cause acute enteritis?

Answer 14

Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella newport
Salmonella dublin

Question 15

Clinical signs of acute enteritis caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella newport

Initially:
Stool at first:
Stool later:
Followed by:
This causes:

Answer 15

Question 16

Three initial clinical signs of acute enteritis caused by Salmonella dublin:

Will all calves that die have diarrhea?

What are you more likely to see (4)?

What do you see with adults?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is one DFDX for these lesions?

Answer 17

Question 18

Salmonella - acute enteritis presentation - hemogram

Leukocytes:
Fibrinogen:
Acid/base:
Sodium:
Potassium:
Protein:

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the mortality rate with acute enteritis caused by salmonella?

What features might you see postmortem?
(EEFMPU)

Answer 19

Question 20

How would you describe these postmortem findings?

What is a potential cause?

Answer 20

Acute enteritis caused by salmonella

Question 21

Salmonella - Chronic enteritis

What age calves will you typically see this?

What will you see primarily?

What is the stool like?

What are three postmortem observations?

Answer 21

Question 22

Which Salmonella spp is host adapted, endemic in certain farms, and can persist in mammary glands as a source of chronic mastitis?

Which Salmonella spp can cause isolated cases in adults, outbreaks in calves, and presents with signs of abdominal discomfort, pain, and colic in affected cows?

Answer 22

Question 23

Salmonalla - Zoonotic concerns

Salmonella dublin:

Salmonella typhimurium:

Salmonella newport:

Answer 23

Question 24

Salmonella infection routes (4-5)

Salmonella excretion routes (4)

Answer 24

Question 25

Diagnosing salmonellosis (in addition to clinical signs) History: Neutrophils: When is serology effective? What is the definitive diagnostic?

Answer 25

Question 26

Salmonellosis treatment Is treatment effective for carriers and chronic cases? Do antibiotics improve diarrhea? When should antibiotics be used?

Answer 26

Question 27

Salmonellosis Treatment When using antibiotics to treat systemic infections, which is only used in monogastric animals? Which abx is safe and effective? Which abx may require a withdrawal period? Which abx should only be used if there is respiratory disease? What are two additional abx that can be used?

Answer 27

Question 28

Supportive treatment for salmonellosis Fluids should contain what three things? When should you use IV vs PO fluids? What are two additional supportive treatments?

Answer 28

Question 29

Control and prevention of samonellosis Which spp is host adapted? What are three goals for its control and prevention?

Answer 29

Question 30

Strategies for control and prevention of non-host adapted and host adapted strains of Salmonella What should you do with affected calves < 6 mo old? What should you do with regard to the environment? What in-out strategy should be used? In addition to paying attention to critical control points, what other three things should be considered?

Answer 30

Question 31

Where does Salmonella survive the longest?

Answer 31

Feces; more than 6 months

Question 32

What are some animal replication sites for Salmonella within the farm ecosystem?

Answer 32

Question 33

Name three management adaptations for control and prevention of salmonellosis.

Answer 33

Question 34

Is a killed whole cell bacterin vaccination recommended for treatment of Salmonellosis?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

Two reasons to vaccinate for Salmonella

Answer 35

Question 36

Three important Salmonella spp. control strategies (McGuirk & Peek)

Answer 36

1. Manage new additions to minimize stress and infection of residents. 2. Minimize stress by feeding good rations, providing adequate space for transitions, and maintain clean, uncrowned maternity pens. 3. Manure-handling equipment is not used to handle feed, and it is kept out of feed lanes and food storage areas.

Question 37

Salmonella is transmitted primarily by which route? Salmonella infection and disease is a result of what three factors? What can salmonella infect? Are the majority of salmonella infections subclinical or clinical? How do septicemic animals shed salmonella?

Answer 37

Question 38

How are salmonella organisms killed? How long does salmonella survive under dairy farm environmental conditions? Where does salmonella like to replicate?

Answer 38