Adult Health - Module 6

Question 1

What does the RCA supply

Answer 1

Lower left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
SA node (55%)
AV node (90%)

Question 2

What are the two parts of the LCA

Answer 2

Left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex

Question 3

What does the circumflex supply?

Answer 3

Left atrium
Poster/lateral wall os left ventricle
AV node (10%)
SA node (45%)

Question 4

How does deoxygenated blood flow?

Answer 4

Right to left.
Deoxygenated blood enters
superior/inferior vena cava ->
Right atrium contracts->
Tricuspid Valve ->
Right Ventricle contracts(tricuspid closes)->
Pulmonic valve to pulmonary arteries in the lungs

Question 5

How does oxygenated blood flow?

Answer 5

Pulmonary arteries ->
Left atrium contracts ->
Mitral valve ->
Left ventricle contracts (mitral closes) ->
Aortic valve into the aorta->
Body

Question 6

What happens during the systolic phase?

Answer 6

Chamber contracts and Blood is ejected. Heart is working!

Question 7

What happens during the diastolic phase?

Answer 7

Chamber relaxes and blood fills the chamber. heart is resting.

Question 8

Cardiac output formula

Answer 8

CO = HR x SV

Question 9

What is the rate the SA and AV node and Purkinje fibers can conduct HR?

Answer 9

SA - 60-100
AV - 40-60
Purkinje fibers - 20-40

Question 10

NSR
ST
SB

Answer 10

Normal sinus rhythm
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus bradycardia

Question 11

What is S3? what does it indicate?

Answer 11

Heard early diastole immediately after s2. Earliest sign of heart failure from ventricular/fluid overlad

Question 12

What is S4? what does it indicate?

Answer 12

Heard in late diastole immediately after s1. Occurs in aortic stenosis when pt has a forceful atrial contraction

Question 13

Which are important labs for the heart?

Answer 13

Electrolytes: K+, NA+
CBC: Hgb/Hct, RBC, plts
CK-MB, Troponins, C-reactive protein

Question 14

What are some Non-invasive diagnostic tests for the heart?

Answer 14

Chest X-ray
Echocardiogram
ECG/EKG
Treadmill stress test
CTA

Question 15

What are the Invasive diagnostic tests for the heart?

Answer 15

Coronoary angiography
Cardiac catheterization
EPS

Question 16

How long is
P
PR
ST
T
QT

Answer 16

P= 0.6 -1.2
PR = 1.2-2.0
ST = 0.12
T = 0.16
QT = 0.34-0.43

Question 17

First line of defense for Angina

Answer 17

Nitrates:Isosorbide

Vasodilate and cause risk for hypotension. Check BP/HR!

Question 18

Betablockers

Answer 18

Olol’s. Decrease BP/HR, Cardiac output, and O2 demand.

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 19

Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem, Nicardipine. Releaxes the muscle by preventing calcium. Causes decreased HR, o2 demand, and dilates arteries.

Question 20

Ace Inhibitors

Answer 20

Pril’s. Reduce BP and decrease preload and afterload.

Question 21

Raynaud’s disease

Answer 21

Intermittent vasoconstriction of fingertips/toes that result in coldness/pain/pallor and pallor/cyanosis/rubor color changes.

Question 22

Buerger’s Disease

Answer 22

Acute inflammation and thrombosis of the veins that results in tissue necrosis.

Question 23

Arterial Ulcer vs Venous Ulcer

Answer 23

Arterial has pain but no edema and looks like a stab wound, is deep, and located between toes or sides of feet. Venous has pain and edema, is irregular in shape/superficial and located on ankles, calves, and shin.

Question 24

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 24

Stasis of venous blood, Vessel wall injury, and altered coagulation

Question 25

Anticoagulants: Vitamin K antagonists

Answer 25

Warfarin

Question 26

Anticoagulants: Indirect thrombin inhibitors

Answer 26

Heparin

Question 27

Anticoagulants: Direct thrombin inhibitors

Answer 27

Hriudin derivatives

Question 28

Anticoagulants: Factor Xa inhibitors

Answer 28

Fondaparinux