Adult Health - Module 6 Flashcards
What does the RCA supply
Lower left ventricle right atrium right ventricle SA node (55%) AV node (90%)
What are the two parts of the LCA
Left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex
What does the circumflex supply?
Left atrium
Poster/lateral wall os left ventricle
AV node (10%)
SA node (45%)
How does deoxygenated blood flow?
Right to left.
Deoxygenated blood enters
superior/inferior vena cava ->
Right atrium contracts->
Tricuspid Valve ->
Right Ventricle contracts(tricuspid closes)->
Pulmonic valve to pulmonary arteries in the lungs
How does oxygenated blood flow?
Pulmonary arteries -> Left atrium contracts -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle contracts (mitral closes) -> Aortic valve into the aorta-> Body
What happens during the systolic phase?
Chamber contracts and Blood is ejected. Heart is working!
What happens during the diastolic phase?
Chamber relaxes and blood fills the chamber. heart is resting.
Cardiac output formula
CO = HR x SV
What is the rate the SA and AV node and Purkinje fibers can conduct HR?
SA - 60-100
AV - 40-60
Purkinje fibers - 20-40
NSR
ST
SB
Normal sinus rhythm
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus bradycardia
What is S3? what does it indicate?
Heard early diastole immediately after s2. Earliest sign of heart failure from ventricular/fluid overlad
What is S4? what does it indicate?
Heard in late diastole immediately after s1. Occurs in aortic stenosis when pt has a forceful atrial contraction
Which are important labs for the heart?
Electrolytes: K+, NA+
CBC: Hgb/Hct, RBC, plts
CK-MB, Troponins, C-reactive protein
What are some Non-invasive diagnostic tests for the heart?
Chest X-ray Echocardiogram ECG/EKG Treadmill stress test CTA
What are the Invasive diagnostic tests for the heart?
Coronoary angiography
Cardiac catheterization
EPS
How long is P PR ST T QT
P= 0.6 -1.2 PR = 1.2-2.0 ST = 0.12 T = 0.16 QT = 0.34-0.43
First line of defense for Angina
Nitrates:Isosorbide
Vasodilate and cause risk for hypotension. Check BP/HR!
Betablockers
Olol’s. Decrease BP/HR, Cardiac output, and O2 demand.
Calcium channel blockers
Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem, Nicardipine. Releaxes the muscle by preventing calcium. Causes decreased HR, o2 demand, and dilates arteries.
Ace Inhibitors
Pril’s. Reduce BP and decrease preload and afterload.
Raynaud’s disease
Intermittent vasoconstriction of fingertips/toes that result in coldness/pain/pallor and pallor/cyanosis/rubor color changes.
Buerger’s Disease
Acute inflammation and thrombosis of the veins that results in tissue necrosis.
Arterial Ulcer vs Venous Ulcer
Arterial has pain but no edema and looks like a stab wound, is deep, and located between toes or sides of feet. Venous has pain and edema, is irregular in shape/superficial and located on ankles, calves, and shin.
Virchow’s Triad
Stasis of venous blood, Vessel wall injury, and altered coagulation
Anticoagulants: Vitamin K antagonists
Warfarin
Anticoagulants: Indirect thrombin inhibitors
Heparin
Anticoagulants: Direct thrombin inhibitors
Hriudin derivatives
Anticoagulants: Factor Xa inhibitors
Fondaparinux
