Adult Health - Module 10

Question 1

Renal Labs

Answer 1

BUN, Creatinine. Look at them together, and ratio should be 10:1-15:1.

Question 2

Urine tests

Answer 2

Urinalysis (Dip stick),
Straight/foley cath (should be clear with pH 4.0-8.0),
urine culture (UTI),
Creatine Clearance (start with 1st void then collect urine for 24 hours to determine kidney function and waste removal. keep urine on ice).
Composite urine collection (takes urine residual. >50 ml indicates retention).

Question 3

KUB

Answer 3

Xray of abdomin/pelvis to view stones and structure of Kidneys/Ureter/Bladder.

Question 4

Renal Ultrasound

Answer 4

Takes a picture of kidney to find stones/tumors/masses.

Question 5

CT scan

Answer 5

Finds tumors/masses and administer contrast medium (iodine allergy).

Question 6

MRI

Answer 6

Magnetic picture. Must obtain screening form, EXPLAIN PROCEDURE, and check for metal.

Question 7

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

Answer 7

Visiualizes KUB and uses IV contrast medium (iodine/shellfish allergy). NOT FOR BAD RENAL FUNCTION (low BUN/creat). Also requires bowel prep and increase fluid to flush out contrast

Question 8

Retrograde Pyelogram

Answer 8

Urinary tract X-ray with contrast medium (iodine allergy)

Question 9

Renal arteriogram

Answer 9

Renal blood vessels with contrast medium (iodine sensitivity and bowel prep) and bedrest.

Question 10

Cystoscopy

Answer 10

Looks at the inside of the bladder for calculi, lesions/masses/tumors, or biopsy. Must obtain consent (invasive)

Question 11

Cysteometrogram

Answer 11

Evaluate bladder muscle tone/pressure. Catheter is inserted, so consent (invasive) is needed.

Question 12

Biopsy

Answer 12

Check coagulation blood labs, hold anticoagulants, and obtain consents. Bed rest for 24 hours after.

Question 13

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Answer 13

Cysts form bilaterally in the kidney and enlarge which causes tissue destruction and compresison.
Assessment: Pain, Palpable kidney, Hemturia, HTN
Treatment: Blood pressure (ACE/ARB), analgesics, fluid restriction/low protein (bad kidneys), and possible nephroctomy.

Question 14

Pyelonephritis

Answer 14

Severe inflammation of kidneys
Assessment: Fever, chills, NV, pain, tenderness, and lead to urine problems (leukocytosis/hematuria/bacteria).
Treatment: Analgesics (or NSAIDS), Antibiotics (Flagyl/Cipro), increase fluids,

Question 15

Renal Calculi

Answer 15

Assessment: Abdominal/flank pain, Hematuria, N/V, Renal colic (increased urine peristalsis).
Treatment: Increase fluid, ambulate (for stone), analgesics or Toradol, Restrict purines and calcium oxalates.

Question 16

Stress incontinence

Answer 16

Peeing when you laugh, cough, or sneeze

Question 17

Urge incontinence

Answer 17

Can’t get to the bathroom in time

Question 18

Overflow incontinence

Answer 18

Bladder is too full