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Aa Latin/history suprset > Academic - Customs > Flashcards

Academic - Customs Flashcards

Based on Jose Molina Notes

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1
Q

What was the suspectio?

A

“lifting” - act of aknowledging a child

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2
Q

What was the primordia?

A

first eight days of pupus’ life

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3
Q

What was the naming ceremony and when was it?

A

dies lustricus / dies nominum/ nominalia - 9 days after a son’s birth, 8 days after a daughter’s birth

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4
Q

Give the dictionary entry for cunae/cunabula

A

cunae, -arum f. pl. / cunabula, -orum n. pl.- cradle

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5
Q

What was a lectica?

A

a litter for carrying a baby by 2 men (also a litter in general)

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6
Q

What was a bulla (aurea)?

A

two concave pieces of gold containing an amulet worn around the neck to protect a child from the fascinatio (evil eye) - brought over as a custom from the Etruscans - plebians used imitation of leather not gold - protected triumphant generals from envy

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7
Q

What was a crepundia?

A

a rattle - a toy that was composed of several toys tied together by string that rattled when shaken - monumenta of Terrence - identification to children

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8
Q

What were turbines?

A

spinning tops

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9
Q

What were trochi?

A

hoops

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10
Q

What were pilae?

A

balls

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11
Q

What were tali?

A

knucklebones for playing jacks

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12
Q

If a man had an educated slave, what could he do with it?

A

he could charge people to have the slave teach their children - he could allow the slave to keep peculium

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13
Q

Who were the elementary schools taught by?

A

the litterator

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14
Q

Who were the grammar schools taught by?

A

the grammaticus

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15
Q

Who were the schools of rhetoric taught by?

A

the rhetor

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16
Q

What were pergula?

A

shedlike attachment to public building where class was usually held

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17
Q

What were teachers usually?

A

teachers or freedman - fashionable good teachers had no fees but were paid an honorarium by the generosity of the patrons

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18
Q

When did the school day start and end?

A

started before sunrise and went until noon - used candels in the morning

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19
Q

What were nundinae?

A

market days - no school

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20
Q

What was a paedagogus?

A

accompanied children the school and tutored them

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21
Q

What was a tirocinium?

A

and apprenticeship, or “rookie-ship” (from tiro, rookie)

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22
Q

What was a tirocinium fori?

A

voluntary apprenticeship to study law

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23
Q

What was a tirocinium militiae?

A

apprenticeship to study administration and war

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24
Q

What were cohors?

A

voluntary staff of young men who accompanied generals

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25
Q

What was liberalia and when was it?

A

March 17th - man gave up his bulla and toga praetexta (insignia pueritiae) - tunica recta worn under the toga virilus / pura / libera - hung his bulla on hearth (to the lares) and put on his toga - offerings to Liber on Capitoline made - feast

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26
Q

What was the tabellarius?

A

slave who sent mail

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27
Q

What was the codicilli/pugilares?

A

book hinges for tablets used for letters

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28
Q

What was the stilus/stylus/graphium?

A

ivory/metal instrument for writing on tablets

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29
Q

What was the calamus?

A

reed pet

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30
Q

What was the atramentum?

A

ink

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31
Q

What was the linum?

A

thread for sealing a letter

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32
Q

What was the schedae?

A

letters written on sheets of paper

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33
Q

What was the codex?

A

modern-style book

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34
Q

What was the palimpsestum?

A

reused parchment or paper

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35
Q

What was the umbilicus?

A

the pole about which a scroll is bound

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36
Q

What was the cornue?

A

knobs on ends of umbilicus

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37
Q

What was the titulus?

A

small strip of paper with the name of the work attached to the knob

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38
Q

What was the capsa/scrinium?

A

wooden box that held scrolls

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39
Q

What was the cera?

A

wax used to seal a letter

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40
Q

What was the signum?

A

seal used to enclose a letter

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41
Q

What was the armaria?

A

cupboards that could sometimes hold books

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42
Q

What was the roman’s favorite meal?

A

pork

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43
Q

What was exta?

A

flesh furnished for banquets - heart, liver, and lungs were the share of the priest (rest consumed on alter)

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44
Q

What was dormouse?

A

a great delicacy in Ancient Rome

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45
Q

What was piscis?

A

fish

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46
Q

What was tyrotarichus?

A

salted and dried fish (tarichos), eggs, and cheese (or spices)

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47
Q

What was garum/liquamen?

A

fish sauce from sturgeon or mackerel - fish is slightly cooked in sea water and fermented for several months

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48
Q

What was the mola?

A

mill

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49
Q

What was the meta?

A

lower millstone

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50
Q

What was the catillus?

A

upper millstone (from catinus)

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51
Q

What was the torcular/preculum?

A

press used to make the olives

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52
Q

What was the amurca?

A

dark and bitter liquid composed of the impurities removed from the pressing fo the olive used as fertilizer

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53
Q

What was the first pressing of olives used for?

A

cosmetics

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54
Q

What was the second pressing of olives used for?

A

cooking

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55
Q

What was the third pressing of olives used for?

A

fuel for lamps

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56
Q

What was oleum (olivum)?

A

olive oil

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57
Q

What were mala?

A

fruits

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58
Q

What was a malum?

A

apple

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59
Q

What was a malum Persicum?

A

peach

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60
Q

What was a malum Punicum?

A

pomegranate

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61
Q

What was a malum Armeniacum?

A

apricot

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62
Q

What was a malum Corinthum?

A

currant

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63
Q

What were panes?

A

(circular loaves of) bread

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64
Q

What was panis siligneus?

A

best bread made of pure wheat flour

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65
Q

What was panis plebeius?

A

common bread made of coarse flour and/or bran

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66
Q

What was panis castrensis?

A

army bread

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67
Q

What was panis sordidus?

A

dark bread

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68
Q

What was panis rusticus?

A

country bread

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69
Q

What were herbae pulmentariae?

A

pot-herbs

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70
Q

What was a hortus holitorius?

A

vegetable garden

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71
Q

What was puls?

A

porridge

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72
Q

What was a potus?

A

drink

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73
Q

What was aqua?

A

water

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74
Q

What was mustum?

A

grape juice

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75
Q

What was a dolium?

A

vat-like jar used to ferment mustum into wine

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76
Q

What was a vinaria cella?

A

cell for fermenting wine where jars were left uncovered for nine days

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77
Q

What was vinum?

A

wine

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78
Q

What was acetum?

A

vinegar

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79
Q

What was vappa?

A

tasteless wine/vinegar

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80
Q

What was mulsum?

A

honeyed wine (four parts wine, one part honey)

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81
Q

What was mulsa?

A

honeyed water (one part honey, two parts water)

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82
Q

What was ientaculum?

A

breakfast

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83
Q

What was meridiatio?

A

midday siesta

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84
Q

What was prandium?

A

lunch

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85
Q

What was cena?

A

dinner

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86
Q

What was gustatio/promulsis/gustus/antecena?

A

appetizer

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87
Q

What was the fercula?

A

main course

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88
Q

What was secunda mensa?

A

dessert - offerings and prayers done before this part of the meal

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89
Q

What was merenda/vesperna?

A

supper

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90
Q

What was a convinium?

A

banquet / drinking party

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91
Q

What were umbrae?

A

unwelcomed guests

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92
Q

What were common foods that Romans didn’t have?

A

rice, pasta, potato, corn, sugar, tomatoes, oranges, bananas, strawberries, raspberries, chocolate, coffee, tea, distilled spirits

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93
Q

What was a colonus?

A

tenant farmer

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94
Q

What was the pergula?

A

framework for growing vines, trellis; booth or stall

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95
Q

What was the aratrum?

A

plough - fields were to be ploughed twice - first time straight, second time sloping

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96
Q

What were cato’s rules for farming?

A
  1. plough well 2. plough well 3. manure well
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97
Q

What was a hortus?

A

garden

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98
Q

What was a xystus?

A

personal garden (with flowers - roses, lilies, and violets)

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99
Q

What was a hippodromus?

A

garden for driving or riding

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100
Q

What were gestationes?

A

gardens for walking or being carried in a lectica

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101
Q

Who were the consules elected by?

A

comitia centuriata

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102
Q

Who were the praetores elected by?

A

comitia centuriata

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103
Q

Who were the censores elected by?

A

comitia centuriata

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104
Q

Who were the aediles curules elected by?

A

comitia tributa

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105
Q

Who were the aediles plebes elected by?

A

concilium plebis

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106
Q

Who were the quaestores elected by?

A

comitia tributa

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107
Q

Who were the tribunes plebes elected by?

A

concilium lebis

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108
Q

Who was the pontifex maximus electated by?

A

comitia tributa

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109
Q

Who was the dictator elected by?

A

senatus (senate)

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110
Q

What were the responsibilities of the consul?

A

Acted primarily as commanders of military forces, presided over meetings of the Senate and implemented its decisions

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111
Q

What were the responsibilities of the praetor?

A

Acted as supreme civil judges

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112
Q

What were the responsibilities of the censor?

A

Took censuses of property, kept a register of all citizens and assigned them to their centuries, controlled public morals and could expel senatores, prepared lists of members of the senate, had the right to take judicial proceedings against citizens suppressing information about their property, supervised the leasing of public land, decided on new construction, and awarded government contracts

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113
Q

What were the responsibilities of the aedilius curulis?

A

Administered public buildings and archives and were in charge of the maintenance and repair of public buildings, of markets, of the annona, and of public games and festivals

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114
Q

What were the responsibilities of the aedilius plebis?

A

Administered public buildings and archives and were in charge of the maintenance and repair of public buildings, of markets, of the annona, and of public games and festivals

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115
Q

What were the responsibilities of the quaestor?

A

Maintained public records, administered the treasury (aerarium), acted as paymasters accompanying generals on campaigns, were financial secretaries to governors

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116
Q

What were the responsibilities of the tribunus plebis?

A

Presided over concilium plebis, could veto any act by any magistrate or any assembly

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117
Q

What were the responsibilities of the pontifex maximus?

A

Exercised control over the entire state religion, regulated calendar, oversaw Vestal Virgins, administered laws of adoption, testament, and succession

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118
Q

What were the responsibilities of the dictator?

A

Had supreme military and judicial authority, although other magistrates remained in office

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119
Q

How many and for how long were consules elected?

A

2 elected annually

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120
Q

How many and for how long were praetores elected?

A

2 (then 6) annually

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121
Q

How many and for how long were censores elected?

A

1, 18 months (but elected very 5 years)

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122
Q

How many and for how long were aediles curules elected?

A

2 elected annually

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123
Q

How many and for how long were aediles plebes elected?

A

2 elected annually

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124
Q

How many and for how long were quaestores elected?

A

4 (then 10) annually

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125
Q

How many and for how long were dictatores elected?

A

1, 6 months (only in crisis)

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126
Q

How old did one have to be to become a consul?

A

36 origionally, then changed to 42 later

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127
Q

How old did one have to be to become a praetor?

A

around 40

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128
Q

How old did one have to be to become an aedilis curulis?

A

around 36

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129
Q

How old did one have to be to become an aedilis plebis?

A

around 36

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130
Q

How old did one have to be to become a quaestor?

A

27 origionally, then changed to 30

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131
Q

What was the consul ordinarius?

A

consul who entered at the beginning of the year

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132
Q

What was the consul suffectus?

A

a consul chosen to replace another consul mid-term

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133
Q

What was the magister equitum?

A

dictator’s assistant - master of the cavalry

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134
Q

What was the praetor urbanus?

A

sheriff or “city praetor”

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135
Q

What was the proconsul?

A

governor of a province

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136
Q

What was the propraetor?

A

extended praetorship

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137
Q

What was the senator?

A

senator (old men whose main power was to advise)

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138
Q

What was the curia?

A

senate house (comitia curiata - oldest assembly)

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139
Q

What was the cursus honorum?

A

course of honor: 1. quaestor 2. praetor 3. consul

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140
Q

What was the meaning of the term suo anno?

A

a man who completed the cursus honorum in their first year of eligibility

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141
Q

What was the meaning of the term novus homo?

A

man who did not have previous members in their family hold office (particularly a consulship)

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142
Q

What was intercessio?

A

right to veto held by tribunes

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143
Q

What were the fasces?

A

bundle of rods surrounded an axe - symbol of power

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144
Q

Who carried fasces?

A

lictors (lictores)

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145
Q

How many lictors were praetors accompanied by?

A

6

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146
Q

How many lictors were consuls accompanied by?

A

12

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147
Q

How many lictors were dictators accompanied by?

A

24

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148
Q

What were comitiae and the concilia?

A

committees and assemblies for voting

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149
Q

What was the comitia uriata?

A

oldest assembly - met only as a formality

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150
Q

What was the comitia centuriata?

A

elected major offices

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151
Q

What was the comitia tributa?

A

elected minor offices

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152
Q

What was the concilium plebis?

A

elected plebeian offices

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153
Q

What was indutus?

A

clothing that is put on

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154
Q

What was the tunica recta?

A

bride’s tunic

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155
Q

What was the tunica angusti clavi?

A

knight’s tunic - “tunic with a narrow border”

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156
Q

What was the tunica lati clavi?

A

senatorial tunic - “tunic with a wide border”

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157
Q

What was the stola?

A

woman’s full dress / outer garment

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158
Q

What was the palla?

A

woman’s shawl-like garment worn outdoors

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159
Q

What was the lacerna?

A

a common mantle or cloak made of wool which sometimes had a hood (cucullus)

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160
Q

What was the trabea?

A

first name for the military cape 0 cloak worn by augurs with purple and scarlet stripes

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161
Q

What was the sagum?

A

later more common name for the heavy military cloak

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162
Q

What was the paludamentum?

A

a general’s cloak

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163
Q

What was the paenula?

A

rain coat with a hood (cucullus)

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164
Q

What was the laena?

A

a heavy woolen cloak

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165
Q

What was an abolla?

A

a heavy woolen cloak worn by poor people for sharing

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166
Q

What was the bracae?

A

breeches or shorts worn by foreign and uncivilized peoples

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167
Q

What was amictus?

A

clothing that is wrapped around

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168
Q

What was the toga praetexta?

A

toga with a purple border worn by boys and curule magistrates

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169
Q

What was the toga virilis/pura/libera?

A

man’s toga assumed on the Liberalia when a young man turned 16

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170
Q

What was the toga candida?

A

chalked-white toga worn by candidates running for office

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171
Q

What was the toga pulla?

A

black wool toga worn at funerals by mourners

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172
Q

What was the toga picta?

A

colored or painted toga worn by triumphant generals

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173
Q

What was the toga exigua?

A

short, simple toga

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174
Q

What was the synthesis/vestis cenatoria?

A

bright dinner garment worn to banquets

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175
Q

What was the endromis?

A

bathrobe, robe worn after exercise

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176
Q

What was the calceus?

A

regular tied shoe made of leather always worn with the toga

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177
Q

What was the sandalium?

A

general term for sandal or slipper

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178
Q

What was the solea?

A

sandal or slipper worn only indoors except during meals

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179
Q

What does soleas poscere mean?

A

“to demand one’s sandals” - to prepare to leave

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180
Q

What were caligae?

A

boots worn by soldiers

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181
Q

What was a mulleus/calceus patricius?

A

red shoe with an ivory or silver crescent moon (lunula) worn by curule magistrates (origionally worn by patricians only

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182
Q

What were perones?

A

shoes with untanned black leather worn by the poor and equites

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183
Q

What were sculponeae?

A

wooden shoes worn by peasants

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184
Q

What was an anulus?

A

ring

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185
Q

What was a monile/torquis?

A

necklace

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186
Q

What was an armilla?

A

BRACELET

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187
Q

What was a margarita?

A

pearl (a woman’s favorite jewelry)

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188
Q

What was a pilleus?

A

conical felt cap worn by laborers and freedmen

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189
Q

What was a petasus/causia?

A

broadrimmed, sombrero-like hat of foreign origin

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190
Q

What was an apex?

A

conical, pointy hat worn by the flamines

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191
Q

What was subligaculum?

A

underwear

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192
Q

What was a mamillare?

A

band of soft leather worn under the breast by women (bra)

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193
Q

What was a strophium?

A

bra or sash-like band of soft leather worn under the breast

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194
Q

What was a zona/cingulum?

A

girdle worn around the waist

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195
Q

What was a fibula?

A

brooch or pin used by women to keep a tunic in place

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196
Q

What was an instita?

A

flounce or wide border sewn to lower hem of stola

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197
Q

What were fasciae?

A

strips of woolen cloth - feminalia - strips worn around the upper leg (from femur) - tibialia - strips worn around the lower leg - ventralia - strips worn around the body - focalia - strips worn around the neck, scarves/neckties (from fauces)

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198
Q

What were vittae/taeniae/fasciolae?

A

ribbons

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199
Q

What were reticula?

A

nets

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200
Q

What was a sinus?

A

fold in a toga used as a pocket

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201
Q

What were umbones?

A

folds that could be used as a hood

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202
Q

What was cinctus Gabinius?

A

way of wearing the toga over the head for religious reasons

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203
Q

What was a balneum?

A

public bath (plural balneae)

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204
Q

What was a thermae?

A

largest type of baths that had the features of the Greek gymnasia

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205
Q

What was a testudo?

A

metal heater used to heat water in the baths

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206
Q

What was an alveus?

A

hot water tank

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207
Q

What was a labrum/solium?

A

basin of metal for showers

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208
Q

What was a capsarius?

A

slave who rubbed oil, scraped it off, and handed the bather his towel

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209
Q

What was the apodyterium?

A

dressing room

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210
Q

What was the tepidarium?

A

warm-watered room

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211
Q

What was the cal(i)darium?

A

hot-watered room

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212
Q

What was the frigidarium?

A

cold-watered room

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213
Q

What was the unctorium?

A

rub down and oil room

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214
Q

What was a strigil?

A

tool used to scrape the body

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215
Q

What was the palaestra?

A

exercise courtyard (mainly for boxers and wrestlers)

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216
Q

What was the gymnasium?

A

training yard for athletes in general

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217
Q

What was the natatio?

A

large swimming pool open to the sky and surrounded by porticos

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218
Q

What was the piscina?

A

small fish pond or pool

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219
Q

What was the exedra?

A

pavilion for sitting

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220
Q

What was the stadium?

A

running track

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221
Q

What was the scholae?

A

halls for traveling lecturers

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222
Q

What was the bibliotheca?

A

library

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223
Q

What were folles?

A

balls filled with hair, feather, or air

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224
Q

What was trigon?

A

catch, played with three people and two balls (or as many as possible) - had two officials: one kept score and the other returned stray balls to the players

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225
Q

What was latrunculi?

A

“little bandits” - chess

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226
Q

What was duodecem scripta?

A

“twelve tables” - backgammon

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227
Q

What was calculi?

A

checkers

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228
Q

What was micatio?

A

game similar to Italian mora

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229
Q

What were tali?

A

knucklebones of a sheep or goat - five are thrown and caught on the back of the hand kind of like jacks - also used to refer to dice

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230
Q

What was the fritillus?

A

dice-box from which dice were thrown

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231
Q

What was the highest throw of the tali?

A

Venus - all different numbers (6,4,3,1,)

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232
Q

What was the middle throw of the tali?

A

Senio - 6 and three numbers (6,x,x,x)

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233
Q

What was the lowest throw of the tali?

A

Vulture - all the same number (1,1,1,1)(3,3,3,3)(4,4,4,4)(6,6,6,6)

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234
Q

What were munera?

A

private games

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235
Q

What were ludi?

A

public games

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236
Q

What were luci scaenici?

A

dramatic performances in a theater

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237
Q

What was a dominus gregis?

A

manager in producing a play

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238
Q

What were the grex?

A

troupe of inferior actors

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239
Q

What were the ornamenta?

A

props necessary for a play

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240
Q

What was the proscaenium/proscenium?

A

front line of the stage

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241
Q

What was the scaena/scena and where was it in relation to the front?

A

the stage for actors behind the front

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242
Q

What was the cavea and where was it in relation to the front?

A

seats for spectators before the front

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243
Q

What was the praecinctio?

A

semicircular passage in the middle of the audience

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244
Q

What were maeniana?

A

groups of rows dividing the audience

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245
Q

What were cunei?

A

vertical divisions of maeniana by stairs

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246
Q

What were vela?

A

awnings that protected from rain or sun

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247
Q

What were the ludi circenses?

A

chariot races

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248
Q

What were the factiones?

A

chariot companies/factions (origionally 4)

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249
Q

What does russata mean?

A

red

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250
Q

What does albata mean?

A

white

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251
Q

What does veneta mean?

A

blue

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252
Q

What does prasina mean?

A

green

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253
Q

What two colors did Domitian add to the factiones?

A

purpurea (purple) and aurea (gold)

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254
Q

What were the carceres?

A

starting gates - like stables where the chariot drivers waiting for the race to begin

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255
Q

What was the porta triumphalis?

A

ending gate

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256
Q

What were the spinae?

A

“backbone” - the center part of the circus

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257
Q

What were the metae?

A

pillars or turning posts

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258
Q

What was a curriculum?

A

one lap around the circus

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259
Q

What was a missus?

A

full seven lap race around the circus

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260
Q

What were the ova et delphini?

A

“eggs and dolphins” marble in those shapes to count laps

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261
Q

What was the auriga/agitator?

A

chariotdriver (usually a freedman or slave)

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262
Q

What were the venationes?

A

beast hunts

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263
Q

What were the naumachiae?

A

mock naval battles

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264
Q

What were the caveae?

A

banks of rows

265
Q

What was the infima/ima cavea?

A

lowest section (first five rows at Pompeii)

266
Q

What was the media cavea?

A

middle section (next twelve rows at Pompeii)

267
Q

What was the ssumma cavea?

A

highest section (highest eighteen rows at Pompeii)

268
Q

What was another name for the Colosseum?

A

Flavian Amphitheater

269
Q

When was the Colosseum opened?

A

80AD

270
Q

What were munera gladiatoria?

A

gladiator fights

271
Q

What was sagina gladiatoria?

A

special food for gladiators

272
Q

What was a rudis?

A

wooden training sword given to gladiator

273
Q

What was the porta Libitinensis?

A

narrow passage for carrying the dead

274
Q

What was the maenianum 1 in the Colosseum?

A

first fourteen rows behind podium for equestrians

275
Q

What was the maenianum 2 in the Colosseum?

A

for ordinary citizens

276
Q

What was the maenianum 3 in the Colosseum?

A

pillars - lower classes, foreigners, and slaves

277
Q

Who used the open gallery above the maenianum 3?

A

women

278
Q

What were gladiatores/gladiatorii?

A

gladiators

279
Q

What was the retiarius?

A

Gladiator that fought with a net (rete) and trident (fuscina)

280
Q

What was the andabata?

A

Gladiator that fought blindfolded

281
Q

What was the murmillo/mirmillo?

A

Gladiator that had a helmet with a fish crest

282
Q

What was the essedarius?

A

Gladiator that fought in a war chariot

283
Q

What was the bestiarius?

A

Gladiator that fought wild animals

284
Q

What was the tiro?

A

rookie gladiator

285
Q

What was a dimachaerus?

A

Gladiator that fought with two daggers

286
Q

What was a laqueator/laquearius?

A

Gladiator that fought with a lasso (laqueus)

287
Q

What was an auctoratus?

A

volunteer gladiator

288
Q

What was a Thrax (Thracian)?

A

had a short shield (parma) and grieves on both legs

289
Q

What was a Samnite?

A

Gladiator who had thick sleeves on the right arm (manicae), greaves on his left leg, and a visored helmet

290
Q

What did a Samnite fight with?

A

a short sword and a long shield (scutum)

291
Q

What would a Samnite pin hoplomachi to?

A

Thracians

292
Q

What would a Samnite pin secutores to?

A

retiarii

293
Q

What was the palus primus?

A

“first sword” - highest ranked gladiator

294
Q

What was the palus secundus?

A

“second sword” - next highest ranked gladiator

295
Q

What was a missus?

A

spared gladiator

296
Q

What was a lanista/doctor?

A

gladiator trainer

297
Q

What was the cena libera?

A

banquet for gladiators day before exhibition

298
Q

What was a prolusio?

A

sham combat with blunt weapons that began the show

299
Q

What did the term iusta facere mean?

A

to perform funeral rites

300
Q

What was a collegium funeraticium?

A

a burial society

301
Q

What was a patronus/a?

A

an honorary member of a society

302
Q

What was a funus acerbum?

A

“bitter funeral” - involved no ceremony and was for the death of small children

303
Q

What was a funus plebeium?

A

plebeian funeral that had no public parade

304
Q

What were puticuli?

A

25 foot deep grave pits on the Esquiline hill

305
Q

What was the pomerium?

A

boundary line for city of Rome within which no one could be buried

306
Q

What was a cenotaphium?

A

empty tomb

307
Q

What was a sepulc(h)rm?

A

room inclosed in a bilding for burying the dead

308
Q

What was a columbarium?

A

“dove cote/pidgeon house” - a family tomb that had many inside

309
Q

What was kept in niches on the walls of the colmbarium?

A

urns

310
Q

What were gradus?

A

rows of niches

311
Q

What were ordines?

A

columns of niches

312
Q

What was titulus?

A

marble above the nich with the name of the dead

313
Q

What was a sarcophagus?

A

a sarcophagus on a podium for dead bodies

314
Q

What was a cepotaphium?

A

garden tomb

315
Q

What was a bustum/rogus?

A

funeral pyre

316
Q

What were ustrina?

A

places for burning bodies and where ashes were collected and dried

317
Q

What was an olla?

A

urn or jar

318
Q

What was an ossuarium?

A

jar to put bones in

319
Q

What was a conclamatio?

A

formal oration given by the oldest son of the deceased

320
Q

What was the lectus funebris?

A

“death bed” - all of the deceased’s insignia worn by him while alive were placed on this couch

321
Q

What was a designator/libitinarius?

A

ndertaker

322
Q

What was the term “Ollus Quiris leto datus…”?

A

“This warrior has departed in death” - said before a funeral procession by a public crier

323
Q

What was done to the imagines of one who has passed on?

A

they were taken from the alae and given to actors

324
Q

What was the laudatio?

A

funeral oration given in the forum by a public authority

325
Q

What were neniae/naeniae?

A

funeral songs or poems

326
Q

Who sung the neniae/naeniae?

A

female relatives or hired female mourners (praeficiae)

327
Q

What was the os resectum?

A

ceremonial bone that was buried if the rest of the body was cremated

328
Q

What was the cena novendialis?

A

feast held after nine days of mourning

329
Q

What was the job of the amanuensis/librarius?

A

secretary

330
Q

What was the job of the apparitores?

A

public servants (i.e. scribes and lictors)

331
Q

What was the job of the argentarius?

A

banker

332
Q

What was the job of the carnifex?

A

butcher

333
Q

What was the job of the caupo?

A

innkeeper

334
Q

What was the job of the chirurgus?

A

surgeon

335
Q

What was the job of the discobolus?

A

discus thrower

336
Q

What was the job of the fullo?

A

fuller, laundry man

337
Q

What was the job of the insularius?

A

custodian of an apartment house (insula)

338
Q

What was the job of the leno?

A

pimp - sold female slaves for immoral purposes

339
Q

What was the job of the mango?

A

wholesale dealer - seller of slaves

340
Q

What was the job of the metator?

A

surveyer

341
Q

What was the job of the nuntius?

A

messenger

342
Q

What was the job of the nutrix?

A

nurse

343
Q

What was the job of the pictor?

A

painter

344
Q

What was the job of the piscator?

A

fisher

345
Q

What was the job of the pistor?

A

bread baker - crushed spelt into puls

346
Q

What was the corpus/collegium?

A

guild of bread bakers

347
Q

What was the job of the prima rudis?

A

fencing master

348
Q

What was the job of the publicanus?

A

tax collector

349
Q

What was the job of the scriba?

A

scribe

350
Q

What was the job of the sutor?

A

shoe maker

351
Q

What was the job of the tabellarius?

A

mailman (slave)

352
Q

What was the job of the tonsor?

A

`barber

353
Q

What was the job of the topiarius?

A

ornamental gardener - hedge trimmer and ivy grower

354
Q

What was the job of the vigiles?

A

watchmen, firemen, police

355
Q

What were pontifices?

A

pontiffs - had overall control of the state religion

356
Q

What was the pontifex maximus?

A

head of the pontiffs

357
Q

What were augures/auspices?

A

augurs - elected for life - only priests authorized to take the auspices (read and interpret signs from the gods to find out if a proposed course of action had divine approval) - mostly by observing the flight patterns of wild birds or the feeding habits of captive birds such as chickens - aspices were taken before any major event, such as a voyage or battle

358
Q

What was the haruspex?

A

plural haruspices - priest who interpreted entrails of sacrificed animals

359
Q

What were the flamines?

A

priests appointed to serve particular deities

360
Q

What was the flamen dialis?

A

priest of Jupiter

361
Q

What were the fetiales?

A

priests present in dealings with foreign nations and were particularly concerned with the riguals involved in declaring war and making treaties

362
Q

What were the salii?

A

“leaping” or “dancing” priests of Mars

363
Q

What were the augustables?

A

priests for the worship of emperors

364
Q

What were the vestables?

A

virgin women who were in charge of the worship of Vesta at her temple

365
Q

How old must Vestal Virgins be to be chosen?

A

between the ages of 6 and 10

366
Q

What would happen if a Vestal Virgin was proven unchaste?

A

she would be burned alive

367
Q

How long did a chosen girl spend on each step of being a Vestal Virgin?

A

10 years to learn their duties, 10 years to perform them, and 10 years to teach youths

368
Q

What was the regia?

A

residence of the pontifex maximus

369
Q

What were the lares compitales?

A

the lares of the crossroads

370
Q

What were the lares and penates?

A

household gods

371
Q

What were the lares?

A

family gods

372
Q

What were the penates?

A

cupboard gods

373
Q

What were the manes?

A

spirits of the dead

374
Q

What were the genius?

A

divine spirit - represented by a bearded snake

375
Q

What was a decuria?

A

a group of 10 house slaves

376
Q

What was a hasta?

A

spear - symbol of a sale under a public official

377
Q

What did sub hasta venire / sub corona venire mean?

A

to be sold into slavery

378
Q

What did captives and victims of sacrifice wear?

A

they wore garlands on their heads

379
Q

What were mangones?

A

wholesale dealers - sellers of slaves

380
Q

What was a contubernium to slaves?

A

slave marriage

381
Q

What were vernae?

A

slaves born in the house

382
Q

What was a titulus?

A

scroll around the slave’s neck that identified the slave showing his character - it served as a warrant for the buyer

383
Q

What could be done if a slave had defects not specified in the titulus?

A

he could be returned within six weeks or the seller would have to pay the purchaser back

384
Q

What did the titulus include?

A

age, nationality, diseases (like epilepsy), and tendancy to thieve, run away, or attempt to commit suicide

385
Q

What did a slave wear if no warrant was given?

A

a pilleus (cap of freedom) - the buyer took all the risks

386
Q

What was a leno?

A

a pimp - sold slaves for immoral purposes

387
Q

What was the servi publici?

A

took care of public buildings and acted as servents of magistrates and priests

388
Q

What was a vilicus?

A

slave in charge of latifundia

389
Q

What was a atriensis?

A

a butler

390
Q

What was an ostiarius / ianitor?

A

a door keeper (usually chained to the door post)

391
Q

What was an ornator / ornatrix?

A

a hair dresser

392
Q

What was a tonsor?

A

a barber

393
Q

What was a nomenclator?

A

a slave who reminded master of names of people

394
Q

What was the dominium?

A

power of master over slaves

395
Q

When was the only time a slave could be killed?

A

wih good reason by due process of law

396
Q

What was the peculium?

A

property of a slave if so granted by master

397
Q

What was a vicarius?

A

the slave of a slave

398
Q

What was a paedagogus?

A

accompanied children to school and tutored them

399
Q

What was a scutica/lorum?

A

lash or rawhide made of cords/thongs of leather

400
Q

What was a flagrum/flagellum?

A

whip and bits of bone or metal buttons

401
Q

What was a furcifer?

A

culprit who carried on his shoulders a log of wood shaped like a V (furca-fork) with his arms stretched out and his hands tied to the ends of the fork

402
Q

What was a fugitavus?

A

fugitive - branded with an F on the forehead - sometimes had a metal collar around his neck

403
Q

What was an ergastulum?

A

prison for slaves to work enchained

404
Q

What happened to slaves who murdered or attemped to murder their masters?

A

they were crucified

405
Q

What was a carnifex/lorarius?

A

slave to punish a slave

406
Q

When could a master pronounce a slave free?

A

before a witness

407
Q

What did a freed slave receive as he was freed?

A

a pilleus (liberty cap)

408
Q

Who was the patronus of a freed slave?

A

his former master

409
Q

What was a salutatio?

A

a client’s greeting to his patron in the atrium of the patron’s house

410
Q

What was a sportula?

A

basket given to the client by the patron

411
Q

What were tesserae hospitales?

A

tokens of hospitality exchanged

412
Q

What were pedites?

A

foot soldiers/infantry men

413
Q

What as a legio?

A

legion - largest unit - 360 men (60 before the time of Caesar

414
Q

What was a cohors?

A

cohort - a tenth of a legion

415
Q

What was a manipulus?

A

maniple - a third of a cohort

416
Q

What was a centuria?

A

century - half a maniple - 60 men (100 origionally)

417
Q

What were axilia?

A

auxiliary troops

418
Q

What were levis armature pedites?

A

light-armed foot soldiers

419
Q

What were funditores?

A

slingers (fundae - slings)

420
Q

What were sagittarii?

A

bowmen/archers

421
Q

What were eqites?

A

cavalry men

422
Q

What was an ala?

A

a squad of 300 equites

423
Q

What was a turma?

A

a tenth of an ala - 30 men

424
Q

What was a decria?

A

a third of a turma - 10 men

425
Q

What was a dux?

A

commanding officer or general - after his first important victory he became imperator (the commander-in-chief)

426
Q

What were legati?

A

legates / staff officers - next in rank to dux

427
Q

What were tribuni militum?

A

military tribune - six to a legion

428
Q

What were centuriones?

A

centurions and captains - noncommissioned plebian officers who were experienced on the battlefield

429
Q

What was praefecti?

A

prefects - commanded the auxiliaries of the cavalry

430
Q

What were decriones?

A

decurions - commanded the decuriae

431
Q

What was a sagum?

A

a woolen cloak for severe weather which can also be sed as a blanket

432
Q

What were caligae?

A

leather boots with heavy hobnailed soles, fastened on by straps

433
Q

What was a lorica?

A

leather breastplate with metal bands

434
Q

What was a galea?

A

leather or metal helmet often ornamented with a crest

435
Q

What was a scutum?

A

a curved, rectangular shield

436
Q

What was a pilum?

A

throwing javelin or pike

437
Q

What was a gladius?

A

heavy, two edged sword

438
Q

What was the aquila?

A

eagle - the standard of the legion made of silver or bronze mounted on a pole carried by the aquilifer

439
Q

What was the signum?

A

standard of a cohort or maniple carried by the signifer

440
Q

What was the vexillum?

A

rectangular banner or flag - standard for the axiliaries

441
Q

What was the acies triplex?

A

triple battle line usual battle formation of a legion

442
Q

What was the secunda acies?

A

second line - 3 cohorts stationed 150 feet behind the first line - relieved the wounded or fallen soldiers of the first

443
Q

What was the tertia acies?

A

third line - last 3 cohorts

444
Q

What was a tuba?

A

trumpet - a straight instrument, three feet long, of metal

445
Q

What was a cornu?

A

horn - a large curved instrument of metal

446
Q

What was the agmen?

A

the main column of legionary troops

447
Q

What was the primum agmen?

A

the vanguard consisting of scouts, cavalry squads and light-armed infantrymen

448
Q

What was the novissimum agmen?

A

the rear guard consisted of the least experienced

449
Q

What was the impedimenta?

A

baggage that followed the legion, carried on pack animals or wagons - food, extra weapons, clothing, artillery, tools, etc.

450
Q

What was the sarcina?

A

personal knapsack of a soldier

451
Q

What did the term impeditus mean?

A

refers to when a soldier was wearing his sarcina

452
Q

What did the term expeditus mean?

A

refers to when a soldier was not wearing his sarcina

453
Q

What was an iter?

A

average day’s march covered 15 miles from sunrise to noon

454
Q

What was a castra?

A

camp - bilt after a day’s march for retreat - rectangular in shape

455
Q

What were the portae?

A

gates at opposite ends of each street - four total

456
Q

What was a fossa?

A

a ditch or trench dug around the camp

457
Q

What was an agger (definition 1)?

A

a mond or embankment surounding the entire camp and constructed from the eath dug for the fossa

458
Q

What was a vallum?

A

rampart - a defensive wall made of the agger and a row of strong wooden stakes or palisades driven in at the outer edge of the agger

459
Q

What was a tabernacla?

A

soldiers’ tents made of leather and holding 10 men each

460
Q

What was a tessara?

A

military password used to get into the camp

461
Q

What were the vigiliae?

A

the four “watches” into which the night was divided

462
Q

When was the prima vigilia?

A

6PM to 9PM

463
Q

When was the secunda vigilia?

A

9PM to 12 Midnight

464
Q

When was the tertia vigilia?

A

12 Midnight to 3AM

465
Q

When was the quarta vigilia?

A

3AM to 6AM

466
Q

What was an agger (definition 2)?

A

sloping plane made of earth, stones and logs - gradually lengthened to be the same hight and depth as the wall of the city being attacked - sed as a means of aproach and for moving up siege machines

467
Q

What was an aries?

A

a battering ram

468
Q

What was a testudo?

A

a protective screen formed by the overlapping of shields held ina tortoise like fashion

469
Q

What was the tormenta?

A

artillery

470
Q

What was a ballista?

A

a machine for hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood

471
Q

What was a cataplta?

A

hurled large arrows and javelins

472
Q

What was a scorpio?

A

light catapult for urling stones and darts

473
Q

What was a navis longa?

A

a batleship propelled by oars and sails

474
Q

What was the rostrum?

A

the “beak” of the ship used for ramming other ships (pl. speaker’s platform)

475
Q

What was the most common of the naves longae?

A

the trireme which had three banks of oars

476
Q

What was the navis oneraria?

A

transport ship - broader and much slower than a battleship - carried soldiers, horses, and provisions - propelled chiefly by sails

477
Q

What was a tutor?

A

The guardian of an underage son or unmarried daughter of pater familias

478
Q

What was the gens?

A

Group of people with the same nomen - common ancestor through males

479
Q

What was the stirps?

A

Group of people with the same cognomen

480
Q

What was the agnatio?

A

Relation though males

481
Q

What was cognatio?

A

Blood relation

482
Q

What was the dictionary entry for pater?

A

pater, patris, m. - father

483
Q

What was the dictionary entry for mater?

A

mater, matris, f. - mother

484
Q

What was the dictionary entry for filius?

A

filius, -i, m. - son

485
Q

What was the dictionary entry for filia?

A

filia, -ae, f. -daughter

486
Q

What was the dictionary entry for frater?

A

frater, fratris, m. - brother

487
Q

What was the dictionary entry for soror?

A

soror, sororis, f. - sister

488
Q

What was the dictionary entry for avus?

A

avus, -i, m. grandfather

489
Q

What was the dictionary entry for avia?

A

avia, -ae, f. grandmother

490
Q

What was the dictionary entry for patruus?

A

patruus, -i, m. uncle on the father’s side

491
Q

What was the dictionary entry for amita?

A

amita, -ae, f. aunt on father’s side

492
Q

What was the dictionary entry for avunculus?

A

avunculus, -i, m. uncle on mother’s side

493
Q

What was the dictionary entry for matertera?

A

matertera, -ae, f. aunt on mother’s side

494
Q

What was the dictionary entry for nepos?

A

nepos, nepotis, m. - grandson, nephew

495
Q

What was the dictionary entry for neptis?

A

neptis, neptis, f. - granddaughter, niece

496
Q

What was the ius osculi?

A

Right to kiss

497
Q

What were adfines?

A

Relatives through marriage only

498
Q

What was the dictionary entry for ianitrices?

A

ianitrices, -um, f. pl. - women who married brothers

499
Q

What was adoptio?

A

Adoption of a filius familias or son

500
Q

What was adrogatio?

A

Adoption of a pater familias

501
Q

What was patria potestas?

A

Power of the father of the household over his family

502
Q

What was the property a pater familias would assign his children?

A

peculia

503
Q

What were the 7 ways for the extinction of potestas?

A
  1. death of a pater familias 2. emancipatio filii/filiae 3. pater familias’s loss of citizenship 4. son becomes a flamen dialis or daughter becomes virgo vestalis 5. father or child adopted by a third party 6. daughter passes in manum to her husband 7. son went into office (would be independent for the duration of his term)
504
Q

What was the manus?

A

The power of a man over his wife

505
Q

What was the term for the share a wife would get?

A

in loco filiae

506
Q

What was dominica potestas?

A

power of pater familias over slaves and inanimate objects

507
Q

What was the vestibulum?

A

open courtyard between the street and the door to the house

508
Q

What was the ostium/ianua?

A

door or doorway - doors had one huge cylindrical hinge

509
Q

What was the fauces?

A

passage or entrance to the atrium

510
Q

What was the atrium (cavum aedium)?

A

main room or center of the house

511
Q

What was the impluvium?

A

large basin for collecting rain water that fell from the compluvium

512
Q

What was the compluvium?

A

a hole in the roof that allowed light to pass through

513
Q

What were the alae?

A

“wings” (had no door between it and the atrium) on either side of the atrium that might contain imagines

514
Q

What were the imagines?

A

wax busts of the family’s ancestors

515
Q

What was the triclinium?

A

dining room with three couches - customary to have several for the change of seasons

516
Q

What was the tab(u)linum?

A

master’s study - separated from atrium by curtains (vela/aulaea) and the peristylum by folding doors

517
Q

What was the andron?

A

passage between the atrium and the peristylum - avoids the tab(u)linum in order to give the master privacy

518
Q

What was the taberna?

A

shop where the household sold goods - usually has doors to both the house and the street

519
Q

What was the cubiculum diurnum?

A

bedroom for midday siesta

520
Q

What was the cubiculum dnocturnum or dormitorium?

A

small bedroom or sleeping quarter

521
Q

What was the peristy(i)lium?

A

large open courtyard surrounded by columns

522
Q

What was the latrina?

A

bathroom - always next to culina

523
Q

What was the culina?

A

kitchen - place for slaves to cook

524
Q

What was a Tuscanicum ?

A

atrium where the roof was formed by two pairs of beams crossing each other at right angles to form a square hole (compluvium) - no columns

525
Q

What was a tetrastylon?

A

atrium where beams of the roof were supported by four pillars or columns at each angle

526
Q

What was a Corinthium?

A

atrium where beams of the roof were supported by more than four columns

527
Q

What was a disluvinatum?

A

roof sloped outward to gutters for catching rain water but still had a compluvium

528
Q

What was a testudinatum?

A

atrium where the roof had no compluvium or impluvium - probably used windows in the alae

529
Q

What is a ianua?

A

door or doorway - doors had one huge cylindrical hinge

530
Q

What was the ostium?

A

front door

531
Q

What was the ianuarius/ostiarius?

A

doorkeeper

532
Q

What were fores?

A

double doors

533
Q

what was the posticum?

A

back or side door

534
Q

What was a lectus/torus?

A

couch or bed

535
Q

What was a fulcrum?

A

bed post - detachable head or elbow rest

536
Q

What was a scamnum?

A

foot stool used to reach the bed

537
Q

What was a sella?

A

stool for one person

538
Q

What was a subsellium?

A

stool for more than one person (bench)

539
Q

What was a sella curulis?

A

“curule seat” with curved legs of ivory, could be folded up

540
Q

What was a cathedra?

A

chair with a curved back and no arms

541
Q

What was a mensa?

A

table

542
Q

What was a monopodium?

A

small table with one leg

543
Q

What was a mensa delphica?

A

table with three legs

544
Q

What was a lucerna?

A

Roman lamp that used oil (lampus - Greek lamp)

545
Q

What was a candelabrum?

A

used to hold several lucernae (origionally meant for candelae, candes or wax lights)

546
Q

What was an arca?

A

strongbox or chest kept in the tablinum

547
Q

What was a horologium?

A

clock

548
Q

What was a solarium?

A

sundial brought from Greece in 268BC

549
Q

What was a clepsydra?

A

water clock (allowed water to pass through at a certain rate filling it up at marks to tell time

550
Q

What was the opus quadratum?

A

use of larged dressed stone laid out in horizontal rectangular courses as is done now on walls

551
Q

What was the opus africanum?

A

massive horizontal and vertical blocks of smaller blocks

552
Q

What was the opus caementicium?

A

massive horizontal and vertical blocks of smaller blocks

553
Q

What was the opus testaecum?

A

use of a concrete core wall with brike or tile facing

554
Q

What was the opus incertum?

A

use of bricks joined together by cement irregularly

555
Q

What was the opus reticulatum?

A

“net-like work” - use of bricks of equal shape and size

556
Q

What was the opus vittatum?

A

use of long and short masonary blocks on walls

557
Q

What was the opus vermiculatum?

A

mosaic on the interior of walls

558
Q

What was a tegulae?

A

subrectangular, slightly tapering tiles for roofing

559
Q

What were the imbrices?

A

tubes cut in half lengthways for covering flanges on the sides of the tegulae

560
Q

What was the pavimentum?

A

floors of the poor - stones, bricks and tiles pounded together and leveled by a havy rammer (fistuca)

561
Q

What was used to heat rooms with chimneys?

A

furnace with pipes that went under the floor or through hollow floor tiles

562
Q

What was an opus sectile?

A

patterned floor surfacing

563
Q

What was an opus signinum?

A

waterproof lining for cisterns

564
Q

What were the lares?

A

household gods

565
Q

What was the lararium?

A

shrine to the lares

566
Q

What were the penates?

A

gods of the cupboards

567
Q

What were the lecti tricliniares and where were they?

A

dining couches in the triclinium

568
Q

What was the locus summus?

A

“the highest place”

569
Q

What was the locus medium?

A

“the middle place”

570
Q

What was the locus imus?

A

“the lowest place”

571
Q

What was the locus consularis?

A

place of honor for the consul - the locus imus of the lectus medius

572
Q

Where did the host sit?

A

next to the consul - the locus summus of the lectus imus

573
Q

What was sponsalia?

A

betrothal

574
Q

What was the sponsus?

A

fiance, betrothed man - “he having been promised”

575
Q

What was the sponsa?

A

feancee, betrothed woman - “she having been promised”

576
Q

What was the anulus?

A

wedding ring - worn on the right finger of the left hand because it was believed that vein went from the finger straight to the heart.

577
Q

What was the breaking of betrothal through nuntius called?

A

repudium renuntiare

578
Q

What did infamia mean?

A

man could not recover his betrothal presents if he brok the betrothal (i.e. the iron ring, anulus pronubus, or some money arra.

579
Q

What did the phrase nubere mean?

A

term for women used to mean “to marry” - literally “to veil oneself”

580
Q

What did the phrase in matrimonium ducere mean?

A

term used for men to mean “to marry” - literally “to lead into matrimony”

581
Q

What was Matronalia and when was it celebrated?

A

March 1 - Mother’s Day (and Wives’ Day too)

582
Q

What was the manus?

A

the power of a husband over his wife

583
Q

What did the term in manus viri mean?

A

“under the power of her husband” - women passed under this during marriage, particularly the confarreatio

584
Q

What was the usus how did it work?

A

plebian form of marriage - did not involve manus - wife remained in power of her father, not her husband - she was allowed property if she stayed away from her husband for the duration of a trinoctium(three nights) - a plebeian marriage was considered promiscuous intercourse and was not a iustae nuptiae (just/legal marriage)

585
Q

What was the coemptio and how did it work?

A

mock sale marriage / ficticious sale of the bride - around since the time of Servius - involved a libripens - involved a dowry - had to have 5 witnesses

586
Q

What was a libripens?

A

sale-holder who laid a single coin on a scale

587
Q

What is the dictionary entry for dos?

A

dos, dotis, f. - dowry

588
Q

What was the tunica recta (tunica regilla)?

A

woven on upright loom - bridal tunic

589
Q

What was the flammeum?

A

saffron veil worn by bride

590
Q

What was the nodus Herculaneus?

A

knot on bride’s dress only to be untied by husband

591
Q

Into how many was a woman’s hair tied into?

A

6

592
Q

What was used to divide the bride’s hair?

A

hasta caelibaris

593
Q

What was used to tie a bride’s divided locks of hair?

A

ribbons called vittae

594
Q

What was the confarreatio and how was it executed?

A

most elaborate, religious marriage - bride and groom brought together by the pronuba. She joined their right hands - on the day of the wedding, the groom was accompanied to bride’s house by relatives, friends, and clients bound to him in every honor

595
Q

What was the pronuba?

A

matron that was married to her first husband

596
Q

What was the dextrarum iunctio?

A

The joining of the right hands of the bride and the groom by the pronuba in the confarreatio

597
Q

How many witnesses were required to be present for the dextrarum iunctio and who did they consist of?

A

10 gentes of the curia

598
Q

What was the cumera and who carried it?

A

covered basket with utensils - carried by the camillus - a boy who was “patrimus et matrimus” (i.e. both parents were still living)

599
Q

What was the deductio?

A

the taking of the bride to the house of the husband - public procession - anyone can join - also the procession of the client and patron to the forum

600
Q

What was feliciter?

A

word shouted during deductio to say congratulations or good luck

601
Q

During the deductio, what lewd and lascivious verses were sung and to who?

A

versus Fescennini were sung to Talassius (or Talassio) a sibine god

602
Q

What did the groom do as a sign of fruitfulness?

A

scattered nuts through the crowd

603
Q

Why was the wife carried over the threshold of the groom’s house?

A

to avoid such a bad omen as her tripping over it as she enters the house for the first time

604
Q

What did the woman say during a confarreatio?

A

“Ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia” (when you are Gaius, I am Gaia)

605
Q

What did the husband offer to his wife and where in the confarreatio?

A

he offered fire and water to her in his atrium

606
Q

When the wife arrived in the household of her husband, what did she kindle the fire with?

A

the torch carried in front of her during the deductio

607
Q

What lucky possession was thrown into the crowd after the woman arrived to her husband’s house in a confarreatio?

A

the torch the bride used to kindle the fire in her husband’s atrium

608
Q

What was the cena cuptialis?

A

the wedding feast

609
Q

What was the mustaceum?

A

the wedding cake

610
Q

What was the wedding feast soaked in and what was it served on?

A

it was steeped in must (new wine) and served on bay leaves

611
Q

What was the repotia?

A

the second feast the day after the ceremony

612
Q

What did the wife do during the repotia?

A

she gave her first offerings as a matrona

613
Q

What were the requirements for a nuptiae iustae?

A
  1. pater familias had to give his consent (under Augustus, if he refused, he had to give a good reason why) 2. both partes had to be puberes (i.e. man had to be 14, woman 12) 3. both had to be unmarried (no polygamous marriages) 4. could not be closely related - nevery directly ascended or descended from each other - no cognates of the fourth degree
614
Q

If all requirements were met for a nuptiae iustae, what were the children considered?

A

they would be iusti liberi (legitimate children) and cives optimo iure (citizens with the best right)

615
Q

What was ius conubii?

A

right of marriage

616
Q

If one party was not a citizen but had ius conubii, what happened?

A

marriage was still iustae nuptiae - children took the status of their father

617
Q

If one party did not have ius conubi, what happened?

A

marriage was nuptiae iniustae / matrimonium iniustum - children took the status of the lower parent

618
Q

What were the unlucky days for marriage?

A
  1. the Kalends, Nones, and Ides of every month and the day after each 2. all of May and the first half of June (Lemuria {May 9, 11, 13} and dies religiosi, (days to honor vesta) 3. dies parentales - February 13 - 21 4. August 24, October 5, November 8 - entrance to the Underworld open 5. major holidays were avoided but not necessarily unlucky (women marrying for a second time purposely chose holidays to get married to be less conspicuous)
619
Q

What was the praenomen?

A

The first name of a Roman’s full name

620
Q

What was the nomen?

A

The second name, name of the gens

621
Q

What was the cognomen?

A

The third or last name, name of the stirps

622
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation A. or Au. stand for?

A

Aulus

623
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation App. stand for?

A

Appius

624
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation D. stand for?

A

Decimus

625
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation C. stand for?

A

Gaius

626
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Cn. stand for?

A

Gnaeus

627
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation K. stand for?

A

Kaeso

628
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation L. stand for?

A

Kaeso/Caeso

629
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation M. stand for?

A

Marcus

630
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation M’. stand for?

A

Manius

631
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Mam. stand for?

A

Mamercus

632
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation N. stand for?

A

Numerius

633
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation P. stand for?

A

Publius

634
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Q. stand for?

A

Quinuts

635
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation S. stand for?

A

Spurius

636
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Ser. stand for?

A

Servius

637
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Sex. stand for?

A

Sextus

638
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation T. stand for?

A

Titus

639
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation Ti. stand for?

A

Tiberius

640
Q

What did the praenomen abbreviation V. stand for?

A

Vibius

641
Q

From what origin did the name ending -acus come from?

A

Gallic

642
Q

From what origin did the name ending -na come from?

A

Etruscan

643
Q

From what origin did the name ending -enus come from?

A

Umbrian or Picene

644
Q

From what origin did the name ending -anus/-ensis/-ius come from?

A

Attached to the ends of town names

645
Q

What was the agnomen?

A

The fourth name or nickname (earned name)

646
Q

How was a slave’s name name constructed?

A

genitive of master’s name + -por, -poris (from puer)

647
Q

How was a freedman’s name constructed?

A

his own praenomen + master’s nomen + slave’s name

648
Q

What was a basterna?

A

lectica with 2 mules instead of carriers

649
Q

What was a pilentum?

A

four-wheeled, two-horsed cart for vestals and priests

650
Q

What was a carpentum?

A

two-wheeled, two horsed cart for vestals and priests

651
Q

What was a petoritum?

A

cart used for baggage, slaves, and also to carry spoils in triumph

652
Q

What was a carruca?

A

luxurious traveling cart with a bed

653
Q

What was a raeda?

A

large and heavy, four-wheeled, cart with either two or four horses

654
Q

What was a cisium?

A

quick, light, two-wheeled, two-horsed, uncovered cart

655
Q

What was the agger (viae)?

A

the mound on either side of the road

656
Q

What was the semitae/margines?

A

footpaths or sidewalks

657
Q

What was the glarea?

A

gravel the would replace stones on cheap roads

658
Q

What was the deversoria?

A

private stopping places along a road

Aa Latin/history suprset (16 decks)

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