Roman Attire Flashcards
What is the term for clothing that is put on in Roman attire?
indutus
This term refers to the general concept of clothing in the Roman context.
What is the bride’s tunic called in Roman attire?
tunica recta
The tunica recta is specifically associated with brides in ancient Rome.
What type of tunic is referred to as the knight’s tunic?
tunica angusti clavi
This tunic features a narrow border and is associated with knights.
What is the senatorial tunic called?
tunica lati clavi
This tunic has a wide border and is associated with senators.
What is a short-sleeved or sleeveless tunic known as?
tunica dalmatica
This style of tunic was commonly worn in various contexts.
What is the term for a long-sleeved tunic in Roman attire?
tunica manicata
The tunica manicata features long sleeves.
What is the name of the tunic that reaches the ankles?
tunica talaris
This tunic is characterized by its length, reaching down to the ankles.
What does the term subucula refer to?
under-tunic
The subucula is worn underneath other garments.
What is the full dress or outer garment for women called?
stola
The stola is a significant garment in women’s fashion in ancient Rome.
What is the shawl-like garment worn outdoors by women called?
palla
The palla is typically worn over the stola.
What is a common mantle or cloak made of wool called?
lacerna
The lacerna sometimes featured a hood (cucullus).
Who forbade the use of the lacerna in public?
Augustus
Augustus implemented regulations regarding clothing in public spaces.
What is the first name for the military cape worn by augurs?
trabea
The trabea is characterized by its purple and scarlet stripes.
What is the later, more common name for the heavy military cloak?
sagum
The sagum became a standard term for military cloaks.
What is the name of a general’s cloak in Roman attire?
paludamentum
This cloak is specifically associated with generals.
What type of coat is referred to as a paenula?
rain coat with a hood
The paenula is designed for protection against rain.
What is a heavy woolen cloak called?
laena
The laena is a durable outer garment.
What is the heavy woolen cloak worn by poor people called?
abolla
The abolla was a practical garment for those with fewer resources.
What are breeches or shorts worn by foreign and uncivilized peoples called?
bracae
The bracae are associated with non-Roman cultures.
What does amictus refer to in Roman attire?
clothing that is wrapped around
The term amictus describes a style of wearing garments.
What is the toga with a purple border worn by boys and curule magistrates called?
toga praetexta
This toga signifies a certain status and age.
What is the man’s toga assumed on the Liberalia when a young man turned 16?
toga virilis/pura/libera
This toga marks the transition to adulthood.
What is the chalked-white toga worn by candidates running for office called?
toga candida
The toga candida symbolizes purity and candidacy.
What is the black wool toga worn at funerals by mourners called?
toga pulla
The toga pulla is associated with mourning rituals.
What is the colored toga worn by triumphant generals called?
toga picta
The toga picta is a symbol of victory and honor.
What are bracae?
Breeches or shorts worn by foreign and uncivilized peoples
Bracae were typically associated with non-Roman cultures.
Define amictus.
Clothing that is wrapped around
Amictus refers to any garment that envelops the body.
What is a toga praetexta?
Toga with a purple border worn by boys and curule magistrates
The purple border signifies a status of nobility.
What is the significance of the toga virilis?
Man’s toga assumed on the Liberalia when a young man turned 16
This symbolizes the transition to adulthood in Roman culture.
What does a toga candida represent?
Chalked-white toga worn by candidates running for office
The whiteness symbolizes purity and suitability for public office.
What is a toga pulla?
Black wool toga worn at funerals by mourners
This garment signifies mourning and respect for the deceased.
Describe the toga picta.
Colored or painted toga worn by triumphant generals
It was a symbol of victory and honor.
What is a toga exigua?
Short, simple toga
This type of toga is less formal and often practical.
What is the synthesis/vestis cenatoria?
Bright dinner garment worn to banquets
This garment was typically colorful and festive.
Define endromis.
Bathrobe, robe worn after exercise
Endromis was a comfortable garment for relaxation.
What is a calceus?
Regular tied shoe made of leather always worn with the toga
The calceus is a formal footwear complementing Roman attire.
What does sandalium refer to?
General term for sandal or slipper
Sandalium encompasses various types of open footwear.
What is a solea?
Sandal or slipper worn only indoors except during meals
Solea were typically more casual and comfortable.
What does ‘soleas poscere’ mean?
“To demand one’s sandals” - to prepare to leave
This phrase indicates readiness to depart.
What is a carbatina?
Sandal made of one piece of leather
Carbatina is a simple and practical type of sandal.
What is a caliga?
Boot worn by soldiers
Caligae were designed for durability and mobility in battle.
Define calceus senätörius.
Thick-soled shoe with an open ankle and wide straps worn by senators
This shoe indicated the status of the wearer as a senator.
What is a mulleus/calceus patricius?
Red shoe with an ivory or silver crescent moon (lunula) worn by curule magistrates
This shoe originally signified patrician status.
What are perones?
Shoes with untanned black leather worn by poor people and equites
Perones reflect the economic status of the wearer.
What are sculponeae?
Wooden shoes worn by peasants
Sculponeae were practical footwear for those in rural areas.
What is a soccus?
A shoe with a sole that was not hobnailed; the upper part was separate and made of leather.
What is aluta?
Fine leather used to make shoes.
What is an anulus?
Ring.
What is a monile/torquis?
Necklace.
What is an armilla?
Bracelet.
What is a margarita?
Pearl (a woman’s favorite jewelry).
What is a corona convivalis?
Crown worn by men at a drinking party put on right before the throwing of the dice, usually made of roses.
What is a pilleus?
Conical felt cap worn by laborers and freedmen.
What is a petasus/causia?
Broadrimmed, sombrero-like hat of foreign origin.
What is an apex?
Conical, pointy hat worn by the flamines.
What is a capillamentum?
Wig.
What is a subligaculum?
Underwear.
What is a mamillare?
Band of soft leather worn under the breast by women (bra).
What is a ströphium?
Bra or sash-like band of soft leather worn under the breast.
What is a zöna/cingulum?
Girdle worn around the waist.
What is a fibula?
Brooch or pin used by women to keep a tunic in place.
What is an instita?
Flounce or wide border sewn to lower hem of stola.
What are fasciae?
Strips of woolen cloth.
What are feminalia?
Strips worn around the upper leg.
What are tibialia?
Strips worn around the lower leg.
What are ventralia?
Strips worn around the body.
What are focalia?
Strips worn around the neck (scarves or ties).
What are vittae/taeniae/fasciölae?
Ribbons.
What are reticula?
Nets.
What is carbasus?
Linen or cotton.
What are vestes sericae?
Clothes made of a mixture of linen and silk.
When was silk first used?
Under Tiberius.
What is a zona/cingulum?
A girdle worn around the waist
This garment was typically used in ancient clothing.
What is a fibula?
A brooch or pin used by women to keep a tunic in place
Fibulae were important accessories in ancient fashion.
Define instita.
A flounce or wide border sewn to the lower hem of stola
The instita added decorative elements to women’s garments.
What are fasciae?
Strips of woolen cloth
Fasciae were commonly used in ancient clothing.
What are feminalia?
Strips worn around the upper leg
This item was part of the traditional attire.
What are tibialia?
Strips worn around the lower leg
Tibialia were often used for both practical and decorative purposes.
What are ventralia?
Strips worn around the body
These strips served as part of the overall clothing ensemble.
What are focalia?
Strips worn around the neck (scarves or ties)
Focalia were used to enhance the appearance of outfits.
What do the terms vittae, taeniae, and fasciolae refer to?
Ribbons
These items were often used in hair and garment decoration.
What are reticula?
Nets
Reticula could also have decorative or functional purposes.
What is carbasus?
Linen or cotton
Carbasus was a common fabric used in ancient clothing.
What are vestes sericae?
Clothes made of a mixture of linen and silk
The use of silk in clothing became prominent during the reign of Tiberius.
When was silk first used in clothing?
Under Tiberius
This marked a significant development in textile use.
What is the cinctus Gabinus?
A way of wearing the toga over the head for religious reasons
This style had specific cultural and ceremonial significance.
