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1 — superset > Roman Funerals > Flashcards

Roman Funerals Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘iusta facere’ mean?

A

To perform funeral rites

This term refers to the proper execution of funeral ceremonies in Roman culture.

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2
Q

What is a ‘collegium funeraticium’?

A

A burial society

This was a group formed to manage and conduct funerals for its members.

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3
Q

Who are ‘cultores’ in the context of Roman funerals?

A

Members of a funeral collegium

These individuals were part of a society that organized burial rites.

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4
Q

What is the meaning of ‘patronus/-a’?

A

Honorary member of a society who had contributed toward the expense of undertaking

Patrons played a significant role in supporting funeral societies financially.

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5
Q

What does ‘funus acerbum’ refer to?

A

‘Bitter funeral’ for the death of small children

This type of funeral lacked ceremony due to the nature of the loss.

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6
Q

What characterizes a ‘funus plabeium’?

A

Plebeian funeral that had no public parade

This type of funeral indicated a lower social status.

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7
Q

What are ‘puticuli’?

A

25 foot deep grave pits on the Esquiline hill

These pits were used for burials in ancient Rome.

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8
Q

What is the ‘pomerium’?

A

Boundary line for the city of Rome within which no one could be buried

This law was significant in maintaining the sanctity of the city.

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9
Q

What are ‘horti Maecenatis’?

A

‘Gardens of Maecenas’ - a park of puticuli

This area served as a burial site in ancient Rome.

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10
Q

What does ‘cenotaphium’ mean?

A

Empty tomb

This term describes a tomb that does not contain a body.

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11
Q

What is a ‘sepulcrum’?

A

Room enclosed in a building for burying the dead

This structure was designed for the interment of bodies.

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12
Q

What did columbarium refer to?

A

‘Dove cote/pigeon house’ - a family tomb that had many inside

This type of tomb allowed for multiple burials within a single structure.

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13
Q

Who are ‘curatorēs’?

A

Trustees who erected the columbarium

These individuals were responsible for the construction and maintenance of family tombs.

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14
Q

What are sortēs viriles?

A

Shares of family for paying for a columbarium

Refers to the financial contributions made by family members for burial arrangements.

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15
Q

What is a columbarium?

A

Niches on the walls where urns were kept

A structure for storing urns containing ashes.

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16
Q

What does the term gradus refer to?

A

Rows of niches

Used in the context of columbaria.

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17
Q

How did the cost of gradus vary?

A

Higher gradus cost more

Location and visibility impacted pricing.

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18
Q

What are ordines in relation to columbaria?

A

Columns of niches

Structural arrangement within the columbarium.

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19
Q

Define titulus.

A

Marble above the niche with the name of the dead

Often inscribed to honor the deceased.

20
Q

What is a sarcophagus?

A

A sarcophagus on a podium for dead bodies

Typically an ornate stone coffin.

21
Q

What does cepotaphium refer to?

A

Garden tomb

A burial site often surrounded by greenery.

22
Q

What is the meaning of horreum?

A

Storehouse or granary

Used for storage, not specifically related to burial.

23
Q

What are vineolae?

A

Trellises

Structures used for supporting climbing plants.

24
Q

Define solarium.

A

Terrace

An outdoor space, often associated with funerary architecture.

25
Q

What is a harundinētum?

A

Thicket of shrubbery

Often found in gardens or burial sites.

26
Q

What does aedicula mean?

A

Tomb with pillars made to look like a temple

A decorative structure for burial.

27
Q

What is a bustum?

A

Funeral pyre - grave with burnt bodies

A site for cremation practices.

28
Q

What does rogus refer to?

A

Funeral pyre - pile of wood for burning

Used in cremation rituals.

29
Q

What was used to extinguish the fire on a funeral pyre?

A

Water or wine

Traditional methods for controlling the flames.

30
Q

What is an ustrina?

A

Places for burning bodies and where ashes were collected and dried

Essential in the cremation process.

31
Q

Define olla.

A

Urn or jar

Used to hold ashes or bones.

32
Q

What is an ossuarium?

A

Jar to put bones in

Specifically for storing remains after cremation.

33
Q

What is conclamatio?

A

Formal oration given by the oldest son of the deceased

A ceremonial speech during funerals.

34
Q

What does lectus funebris mean?

A

“Death bed” - all of the deceased’s insignia were placed on this couch

A symbolic representation of the deceased’s life.

35
Q

Who is a designator/libitinarius?

A

Undertaker

Responsible for funeral arrangements.

36
Q

What phrase is said before a funeral procession?

A

“Ollus Quiris lēto datus. Exsequiãs, quibus est commodum, ire iam tempus est. Ollus ex aedibus effertur.”

A traditional announcement made by a public crier.

37
Q

What were imagines in the context of funerals?

A

Taken from alae and given to actors

Representations of the deceased for the ceremony.

38
Q

What is a laudatio?

A

Funeral oration given in the forum by a public authority

A formal speech honoring the deceased.

39
Q

What is os resectum?

A

Ceremonial bone that was buried if the rest of the body is cremated

A symbolic act in the burial process.

40
Q

silicernium -

A

funeral feast that was held after the sacrafice of a pig

41
Q

cena novendialis

A

feast held after nine days of mourning

42
Q

sacrificium novendiale

A

Sacrifice after 9 days

43
Q

• Parentalia/dies parentales -

A

February 13-21 - days of obligation

44
Q

• Feralia -

A

Feb 21 - festival of the dead

45
Q

• Violaria -

A

end of March relatives laid violets on the grave

46
Q

• Rosaria -

A

end if May relatives laid roses on the grave

1 — superset (28 decks)

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