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1 — superset > Roman Food+agg > Flashcards

Roman Food+agg Flashcards

1
Q

What was considered the choicest of all domestic meals in Ancient Rome?

A

Pork

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2
Q

What are the Latin terms for pork-related animals?

A
  • sus
  • porcus
  • verres
  • aper
  • scrofa
  • maialis
  • nefrens
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3
Q

What is ‘exta’ in the context of Roman banquets?

A

Flesh furnished for banquets

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4
Q

Which organs were typically reserved for the priest during Roman sacrifices?

A
  • Heart
  • Liver
  • Lungs
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5
Q

What was a great delicacy in Ancient Rome?

A

Dormouse (glis/nitedula)

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6
Q

What is the Latin term for fish?

A

Piscis

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7
Q

What types of seafood were commonly consumed in Ancient Rome? List at least three.

A
  • Tyrotarichus (salt fish)
  • Mullus (mullet fish)
  • Ostreae (oysters)
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8
Q

What is ‘garum’?

A

Fish sauce made from sturgeon or mackerel

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9
Q

How was ‘garum’ prepared?

A

Fish is slightly cooked in sea water and allowed to ferment for several months

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10
Q

What is ‘muria’?

A

Fish sauce from tunny-fish or any kind of brine

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11
Q

What does ‘allex’ refer to in Roman cuisine?

A

Residue from the making of fish sauce or cheap homemade fish sauce

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12
Q

What is the Latin term for a mill used in the preparation of olive oil?

A

Mola

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13
Q

What is a more elaborate type of mill called in Latin?

A

Trapētum

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14
Q

What are the components of a mill referred to as ‘meta’ and ‘catillus’?

A
  • Meta: lower millstone
  • Catillus: upper millstone
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15
Q

What is the term for the press used to make olives?

A

torcular/preculum

The torcular or preculum is the device used for extracting oil from olives.

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16
Q

What is amurca?

A

Dark and bitter liquid composed of impurities removed from olive pressing

Amurca is often used as fertilizer.

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17
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the first pressing?

A

Olive oil used for cosmetics

The first pressing yields the highest quality oil.

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18
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the second pressing?

A

Olive oil used for cooking

The second pressing is suitable for culinary uses.

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19
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the third pressing?

A

Olive oil used as fuel for lamps

The third pressing produces oil of lesser quality.

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20
Q

What does oleum (olivum) refer to?

A

Olive oil

Oleum is the Latin term for olive oil.

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21
Q

What is epityrum?

A

Preparation of the olive

The process includes several steps for preparing olives for consumption.

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22
Q

List the steps involved in the preparation of epityrum.

A
  • Removal of stones
  • Chopping of the pulp
  • Seasoning with vinegar, coriander seeds, cumin, fennel, mint

These steps enhance the flavor and make olives more palatable.

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23
Q

What does the term ‘panes’ refer to?

A

Circular loaves of bread

‘Panes’ is the Latin word for bread.

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24
Q

What is panis siligneus?

A

Best bread made of pure wheat flour

This type of bread is considered high quality.

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25
Q

What is panis plebeius?

A

Common bread made of coarse flour and/or bran

This bread was typically consumed by the lower classes.

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26
Q

What is panis castrensis?

A

Army bread

This bread was made for soldiers and was often more durable.

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27
Q

What is panis sordidus?

A

Dark bread

This type of bread is made from less refined flour.

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28
Q

What is panis rusticus?

A

Country bread

This bread is typically made using local ingredients.

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29
Q

What are herbae pulmentariae?

A

Pot-herbs

These are vegetables commonly grown in gardens.

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30
Q

What is lactuca?

A

Lettuce

Lactuca is a common leafy vegetable.

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31
Q

What is brassica?

A

Cabbage

Brassica is a genus of plants that includes many vegetables.

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32
Q

What is porrum?

A

Leek

Porrum is a type of vegetable related to onions.

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33
Q

What is the Latin term for barley?

A

hordeum

Barley is a widely cultivated cereal grain.

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34
Q

What does ‘caepa’ refer to in Latin?

A

onion

Onions are a common vegetable used in cooking.

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35
Q

What is the Latin term for carrot?

A

pastinaca

Carrots are root vegetables, often orange in color.

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36
Q

What does ‘radix’ or ‘rapa’ mean?

A

turnip

Turnips are a root vegetable, typically white or yellow.

37
Q

What is the Latin term for asparagus or artichoke?

A

cardus

Cardus can refer to both asparagus and artichokes.

38
Q

What does ‘fabae’ refer to?

A

beans

Beans are seeds from various plants, widely consumed.

39
Q

What is the Latin word for pea?

A

pisum

Peas are small, round green seeds that are edible.

40
Q

What does ‘cicer’ mean in Latin?

A

chickpea

Chickpeas are legumes, known for their nutty taste.

41
Q

What is the Latin term for cucumber?

A

cucumis

Cucumbers are a refreshing vegetable often used in salads.

42
Q

What does ‘mēlo’ refer to?

A

melon

Melons are sweet, fleshy fruits often enjoyed in summer.

43
Q

What is the Latin term for birds?

A

avēs

Avēs refers to various species of birds.

44
Q

What does ‘lagopus’ refer to?

A

white grouse

White grouse are a type of bird commonly found in northern regions.

45
Q

What is the Latin term for snipe?

A

scolopax

Snipe are wading birds known for their long bills.

46
Q

What does ‘attagen lönicus’ refer to?

A

woodcock

Woodcocks are wading birds known for their camouflaged plumage.

47
Q

What is the Latin term for thrush?

A

turdus

Thrushes are known for their melodic songs.

48
Q

What does ‘perdix’ mean?

A

partridge

Partridges are ground-dwelling birds often found in fields.

49
Q

What is the Latin term for ortolan?

A

miliaria

Ortolans are small songbirds considered a delicacy.

50
Q

What is the Latin word for pheasant?

A

phasianus

Pheasants are colorful birds often hunted for sport.

51
Q

What does ‘grüs’ or ‘gruis’ refer to?

A

crane

Cranes are large, long-legged birds known for their dancing displays.

52
Q

What is the Latin term for peacock?

A

pavo

Peacocks are known for their striking plumage and tail feathers.

53
Q

What does ‘puls’ mean?

A

porridge

Porridge is a dish made by boiling grains in milk or water.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: Porridge eaters are referred to as _______.

A

pultiphagonidae

This term comes from a reference by Plautus.

55
Q

What is the Latin term for drinks?

A

potus

Potus refers to various beverages.

56
Q

What does ‘aqua’ mean?

A

water

Aqua is the Latin word for water, essential for life.

57
Q

What is the Latin word for grape juice?

A

mustum

Mustum is used to ferment into wine.

58
Q

What does ‘dolium’ refer to?

A

vat-like jar used to ferment mustum into wine

Dolia were essential in ancient winemaking.

59
Q

What is the term for the cell used for fermenting wine?

A

vanaria cella

This cell was used to keep jars uncovered for fermentation.

60
Q

What does ‘vinum’ mean?

A

wine

Vinum is the Latin word for wine, a fermented beverage.

61
Q

What is the Latin term for vinegar?

A

acetum

Acetum is produced through the fermentation of wine.

62
Q

True or False: ‘vappa’ refers to high-quality wine.

A

False

Vappa refers to tasteless wine or vinegar.

63
Q

What is the Latin term for wine?

A

vinum

Vinum refers specifically to wine in Latin.

64
Q

What is the Latin term for vinegar?

A

acetum

Acetum is the term used for vinegar in Latin.

65
Q

What does the term ‘vappa’ refer to?

A

tasteless wine/vinegar

Vappa describes a low-quality or tasteless wine or vinegar.

66
Q

What is ‘mulsum’?

A

honeyed wine (four parts wine, one part honey)

Mulsum is a mixture of wine and honey, commonly consumed in ancient times.

67
Q

What is the composition of ‘mulsa’?

A

one part honey, two parts water

Mulsa is a honeyed water drink, distinct from mulsum.

68
Q

What are ‘sapa’, ‘defrutum’, and ‘defritum’ collectively known as?

A

grape jelly/juice, new wine

These terms refer to early forms of grape products in ancient Roman cuisine.

69
Q

What is ‘posca’?

A

watered down vinegar

Posca was a popular drink among Roman soldiers and lower classes.

70
Q

What is the Latin term for breakfast?

A

ientaculum

Ientaculum refers to the first meal of the day in ancient Rome.

71
Q

What does ‘meridiatio’ refer to?

A

midday siesta

Meridiatio indicates a period of rest taken after lunch.

72
Q

What is ‘prandium’?

A

lunch

Prandium is the term for the midday meal in Roman culture.

73
Q

What is the Latin term for dinner?

A

cena

Cena refers to the main evening meal in ancient Rome.

74
Q

What are ‘gustatio’, ‘promulsis’, ‘gustus’, and ‘antecena’ collectively known as?

A

appetizer

These terms describe various forms of appetizers served before the main meal.

75
Q

What is ‘fercula’?

A

main course

Fercula refers to the main dish served during a meal.

76
Q

What does ‘secunda mensa’ refer to?

A

dessert

Secunda mensa is the term for the second course, typically dessert.

77
Q

What is ‘merenda’ or ‘vesperna’?

A

supper

These terms refer to the evening meal or supper in Roman dining customs.

78
Q

What does ‘convivium’ mean?

A

banquet/drinking party

Convivium indicates a festive gathering centered around food and drink.

79
Q

What is ‘comissatio’ or ‘compotatio’?

A

drinking party

These terms refer to a social event focused on drinking.

80
Q

What does ‘symposium’ mean in Greek?

A

a drinking together

Symposium signifies a gathering for the purpose of drinking and discussing.

81
Q

What is ‘convivium tempestivum’?

A

early & long banquet (began before the 9th hour)

This term describes a type of banquet that starts early in the day.

82
Q

What is the first rule of Cato’s rule of farming?

A

Plough well

83
Q

What is the second rule of Cato’s rule of farming?

A

Plough well

84
Q

What is the third rule of Cato’s rule of farming?

A

Manure well

85
Q

According to Cato the Elder, what is the most important crop?

A

Vineyard

86
Q

List the crops in order of importance according to Cato the Elder.

A
  • Vineyard
  • Vegetable garden
  • Willow copse
  • Olive grove
  • Meadow
  • Grain fields
  • Wood lot
  • Orchard
  • Oak grove
87
Q

What is a xystus?

A

Personal garden (with flowers - roses, lilies, and violets)

88
Q

What is a hippodromus?

A

Garden for driving or riding

89
Q

What is a gestationes?

A

Gardens for walking or being carried in a lectica

1 — superset (28 decks)

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