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Roman Food+agg Flashcards

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1
Q

What was considered the choicest of all domestic meals in Ancient Rome?

A

Pork

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2
Q

What are the Latin terms for pork-related animals?

A
  • sus
  • porcus
  • verres
  • aper
  • scrofa
  • maialis
  • nefrens
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3
Q

What is ‘exta’ in the context of Roman banquets?

A

Flesh furnished for banquets

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4
Q

Which organs were typically reserved for the priest during Roman sacrifices?

A
  • Heart
  • Liver
  • Lungs
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5
Q

What was a great delicacy in Ancient Rome?

A

Dormouse (glis/nitedula)

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6
Q

What is the Latin term for fish?

A

Piscis

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7
Q

What types of seafood were commonly consumed in Ancient Rome? List at least three.

A
  • Tyrotarichus (salt fish)
  • Mullus (mullet fish)
  • Ostreae (oysters)
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8
Q

What is ‘garum’?

A

Fish sauce made from sturgeon or mackerel

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9
Q

How was ‘garum’ prepared?

A

Fish is slightly cooked in sea water and allowed to ferment for several months

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10
Q

What is ‘muria’?

A

Fish sauce from tunny-fish or any kind of brine

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11
Q

What does ‘allex’ refer to in Roman cuisine?

A

Residue from the making of fish sauce or cheap homemade fish sauce

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12
Q

What is the Latin term for a mill used in the preparation of olive oil?

A

Mola

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13
Q

What is a more elaborate type of mill called in Latin?

A

Trapētum

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14
Q

What are the components of a mill referred to as ‘meta’ and ‘catillus’?

A
  • Meta: lower millstone
  • Catillus: upper millstone
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15
Q

What is the term for the press used to make olives?

A

torcular/preculum

The torcular or preculum is the device used for extracting oil from olives.

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16
Q

What is amurca?

A

Dark and bitter liquid composed of impurities removed from olive pressing

Amurca is often used as fertilizer.

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17
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the first pressing?

A

Olive oil used for cosmetics

The first pressing yields the highest quality oil.

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18
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the second pressing?

A

Olive oil used for cooking

The second pressing is suitable for culinary uses.

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19
Q

What type of olive oil is obtained from the third pressing?

A

Olive oil used as fuel for lamps

The third pressing produces oil of lesser quality.

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20
Q

What does oleum (olivum) refer to?

A

Olive oil

Oleum is the Latin term for olive oil.

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21
Q

What is epityrum?

A

Preparation of the olive

The process includes several steps for preparing olives for consumption.

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22
Q

List the steps involved in the preparation of epityrum.

A
  • Removal of stones
  • Chopping of the pulp
  • Seasoning with vinegar, coriander seeds, cumin, fennel, mint

These steps enhance the flavor and make olives more palatable.

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23
Q

What does the term ‘panes’ refer to?

A

Circular loaves of bread

‘Panes’ is the Latin word for bread.

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24
Q

What is panis siligneus?

A

Best bread made of pure wheat flour

This type of bread is considered high quality.

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25
What is panis plebeius?
Common bread made of coarse flour and/or bran ## Footnote This bread was typically consumed by the lower classes.
26
What is panis castrensis?
Army bread ## Footnote This bread was made for soldiers and was often more durable.
27
What is panis sordidus?
Dark bread ## Footnote This type of bread is made from less refined flour.
28
What is panis rusticus?
Country bread ## Footnote This bread is typically made using local ingredients.
29
What are herbae pulmentariae?
Pot-herbs ## Footnote These are vegetables commonly grown in gardens.
30
What is lactuca?
Lettuce ## Footnote Lactuca is a common leafy vegetable.
31
What is brassica?
Cabbage ## Footnote Brassica is a genus of plants that includes many vegetables.
32
What is porrum?
Leek ## Footnote Porrum is a type of vegetable related to onions.
33
What is the Latin term for barley?
hordeum ## Footnote Barley is a widely cultivated cereal grain.
34
What does 'caepa' refer to in Latin?
onion ## Footnote Onions are a common vegetable used in cooking.
35
What is the Latin term for carrot?
pastinaca ## Footnote Carrots are root vegetables, often orange in color.
36
What does 'radix' or 'rapa' mean?
turnip ## Footnote Turnips are a root vegetable, typically white or yellow.
37
What is the Latin term for asparagus or artichoke?
cardus ## Footnote Cardus can refer to both asparagus and artichokes.
38
What does 'fabae' refer to?
beans ## Footnote Beans are seeds from various plants, widely consumed.
39
What is the Latin word for pea?
pisum ## Footnote Peas are small, round green seeds that are edible.
40
What does 'cicer' mean in Latin?
chickpea ## Footnote Chickpeas are legumes, known for their nutty taste.
41
What is the Latin term for cucumber?
cucumis ## Footnote Cucumbers are a refreshing vegetable often used in salads.
42
What does 'mēlo' refer to?
melon ## Footnote Melons are sweet, fleshy fruits often enjoyed in summer.
43
What is the Latin term for birds?
avēs ## Footnote Avēs refers to various species of birds.
44
What does 'lagopus' refer to?
white grouse ## Footnote White grouse are a type of bird commonly found in northern regions.
45
What is the Latin term for snipe?
scolopax ## Footnote Snipe are wading birds known for their long bills.
46
What does 'attagen lönicus' refer to?
woodcock ## Footnote Woodcocks are wading birds known for their camouflaged plumage.
47
What is the Latin term for thrush?
turdus ## Footnote Thrushes are known for their melodic songs.
48
What does 'perdix' mean?
partridge ## Footnote Partridges are ground-dwelling birds often found in fields.
49
What is the Latin term for ortolan?
miliaria ## Footnote Ortolans are small songbirds considered a delicacy.
50
What is the Latin word for pheasant?
phasianus ## Footnote Pheasants are colorful birds often hunted for sport.
51
What does 'grüs' or 'gruis' refer to?
crane ## Footnote Cranes are large, long-legged birds known for their dancing displays.
52
What is the Latin term for peacock?
pavo ## Footnote Peacocks are known for their striking plumage and tail feathers.
53
What does 'puls' mean?
porridge ## Footnote Porridge is a dish made by boiling grains in milk or water.
54
Fill in the blank: Porridge eaters are referred to as _______.
pultiphagonidae ## Footnote This term comes from a reference by Plautus.
55
What is the Latin term for drinks?
potus ## Footnote Potus refers to various beverages.
56
What does 'aqua' mean?
water ## Footnote Aqua is the Latin word for water, essential for life.
57
What is the Latin word for grape juice?
mustum ## Footnote Mustum is used to ferment into wine.
58
What does 'dolium' refer to?
vat-like jar used to ferment mustum into wine ## Footnote Dolia were essential in ancient winemaking.
59
What is the term for the cell used for fermenting wine?
vanaria cella ## Footnote This cell was used to keep jars uncovered for fermentation.
60
What does 'vinum' mean?
wine ## Footnote Vinum is the Latin word for wine, a fermented beverage.
61
What is the Latin term for vinegar?
acetum ## Footnote Acetum is produced through the fermentation of wine.
62
True or False: 'vappa' refers to high-quality wine.
False ## Footnote Vappa refers to tasteless wine or vinegar.
63
What is the Latin term for wine?
vinum ## Footnote Vinum refers specifically to wine in Latin.
64
What is the Latin term for vinegar?
acetum ## Footnote Acetum is the term used for vinegar in Latin.
65
What does the term 'vappa' refer to?
tasteless wine/vinegar ## Footnote Vappa describes a low-quality or tasteless wine or vinegar.
66
What is 'mulsum'?
honeyed wine (four parts wine, one part honey) ## Footnote Mulsum is a mixture of wine and honey, commonly consumed in ancient times.
67
What is the composition of 'mulsa'?
one part honey, two parts water ## Footnote Mulsa is a honeyed water drink, distinct from mulsum.
68
What are 'sapa', 'defrutum', and 'defritum' collectively known as?
grape jelly/juice, new wine ## Footnote These terms refer to early forms of grape products in ancient Roman cuisine.
69
What is 'posca'?
watered down vinegar ## Footnote Posca was a popular drink among Roman soldiers and lower classes.
70
What is the Latin term for breakfast?
ientaculum ## Footnote Ientaculum refers to the first meal of the day in ancient Rome.
71
What does 'meridiatio' refer to?
midday siesta ## Footnote Meridiatio indicates a period of rest taken after lunch.
72
What is 'prandium'?
lunch ## Footnote Prandium is the term for the midday meal in Roman culture.
73
What is the Latin term for dinner?
cena ## Footnote Cena refers to the main evening meal in ancient Rome.
74
What are 'gustatio', 'promulsis', 'gustus', and 'antecena' collectively known as?
appetizer ## Footnote These terms describe various forms of appetizers served before the main meal.
75
What is 'fercula'?
main course ## Footnote Fercula refers to the main dish served during a meal.
76
What does 'secunda mensa' refer to?
dessert ## Footnote Secunda mensa is the term for the second course, typically dessert.
77
What is 'merenda' or 'vesperna'?
supper ## Footnote These terms refer to the evening meal or supper in Roman dining customs.
78
What does 'convivium' mean?
banquet/drinking party ## Footnote Convivium indicates a festive gathering centered around food and drink.
79
What is 'comissatio' or 'compotatio'?
drinking party ## Footnote These terms refer to a social event focused on drinking.
80
What does 'symposium' mean in Greek?
a drinking together ## Footnote Symposium signifies a gathering for the purpose of drinking and discussing.
81
What is 'convivium tempestivum'?
early & long banquet (began before the 9th hour) ## Footnote This term describes a type of banquet that starts early in the day.
82
What is the first rule of Cato's rule of farming?
Plough well
83
What is the second rule of Cato's rule of farming?
Plough well
84
What is the third rule of Cato's rule of farming?
Manure well
85
According to Cato the Elder, what is the most important crop?
Vineyard
86
List the crops in order of importance according to Cato the Elder.
* Vineyard * Vegetable garden * Willow copse * Olive grove * Meadow * Grain fields * Wood lot * Orchard * Oak grove
87
What is a xystus?
Personal garden (with flowers - roses, lilies, and violets)
88
What is a hippodromus?
Garden for driving or riding
89
What is a gestationes?
Gardens for walking or being carried in a lectica

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