Abnormal Labor

Question 1

What is associated with breech presentation?

Answer 1

prematurity, multiple gestation, genetic disorders, polyhydramnios, hydrocephaly, anencephaly, placenta previa, uterine anomalies, uterine fibroids

Question 2

What are associated with an increased incidence of shoulder dystocia?

Answer 2

fetal macrosomia, maternal obesity, diabetes mellitus, post term pregnancy, a prior delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia and a prolonged second stage of labor

Question 3

What is associated with cord prolapse?

Answer 3

abnormal fetal presentation; more common in women with ROM, polyhydramnios, or premature or small fetus

Question 4

What is the classic presentation for shoulder dystocia and how is it managed?

Answer 4

retraction of fetal head; McRoberts maneuver involves hyperflexing the mothers legs to her abdomen and is the first maneuver which widens the pelvis and flattens the lumbar spine; fundal pressure and operative vaginal delivery are contraindicated