AAMC FL2 PS Flashcards
define the following:
- dependency ratio
- social gradient in heath
dependency ratio: ratio of the number of economically dependent members of the population to the number of economically productive members
social gradient in health: inequalities in population health status are related to inequalities in social status
define the following:
- source monitoring error
- life course perspective
A source-monitoring error is a type of memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience.
LCP: multidisciplinary approach to understanding the mental, physical and social health of individuals, which incorporates both life span and life stage concepts that determine the health trajectory
schematic processing
refers to how associations we make in the current situation trigger memory schemas (organized clusters of knowledge) that are activated and processed to guide our behavior / response
Our attitude influences three things:
the ABCs
Affective: how we feel
Behavioral: how we act or behave
Cognitive: how we think
brainstorming productivity: alone vs group
Social loafing refers to the fact that people are more productive alone than in a group. Thus, brainstorming alone would produce more results than brainstorming in a group.
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Old Ass People Love Grapefruit
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Love, Genital
Erogenous zone: a sensitive area on the body that causes sexual arousal when it is touched
Oral (0-1 years): mouth
Anal (1-3 years): bowel and bladder elimination
Phallic (3-6 years): genitalia
Latency (6 years - puberty): dormant sexual feelings
Genital (puberty - death): sexual interests mature
hemisphere functions
Right: creativity, intuition, insight, music, left hand control
Left: analytic, logic, language, reasoning, science and math, right hand control
medulla oblongata
Lower part of the brain stem
Carries out and regulates life sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate
cerebellum
Lower area of the brain, below the pons
Responsible for balance and coordination of muscles and the body
Hypothalamus
Above the pituitary gland and below the thalamus
Responsible for behaviors such as hunger and thirst, as well as the maintenance of body temperature
amygdala
Part of Limbic System, at the end of the hippocampus
Responsible for the response and memory of emotions, especially fear
hippocampus
Part of the Limbic system, in each temporal lobe
Responsible for processing of long term memory and emotional responses
thalamus
Part of the forebrain, below the corpus callosum
responsible for relaying information from the sensory receptors to proper areas of the brain where it can be processed
Pons
Area of the hindbrain that sits directly above the medulla oblongata, thus comprising the top of the brain stem
Connects upper and lower parts of the brain, relaying messages btwn the cortex and the cerebellum; location of REM sleep
corpus collosum
Above the Thalamus, under the cortex
Connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain, allowing for transmission of neural messages btwn them
cerebral cortex
Outermost layer of the brain
Responsible for thinking and processing information from the five senses
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
Frontal lobe: upper front part of the cerebral cortex
– Carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision making, and planning
Parietal lobe: upper back part
– Processes sensory information that had to do with taste, temperature, and touch; involved in language
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
Temporal lobe: bottom middle part of the cerebral cortex
– Responsible for processing auditory information from the ears (hearing); involved in language
Occipital: bottom back part
– Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes
define the following:
- emotional intelligence
- interpersonal intelligence
Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, manage, understand, and use emotion.
Interpersonal intelligence fits under gardner’s multiple intelligence; Interpersonal intelligence measures the person’s ability to communicate with others.
sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
Analytical intelligence is the ability to analyze and evaluate ideas, solve problems and make decisions.
Creative intelligence involves going beyond what is given to generate novel and interesting ideas.
Practical intelligence is the ability that individuals use to find the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.
Difference btwn escape and avoidance conditioning
mouse example
the key to understanding escape vs avoidance is to remember that both forms of conditioning are a result of negative reinforcement, meaning an aversive stimulus is being removed.
For escape conditioning to occur, an aversive stimulus must be there to begin with, unlike with avoidance conditioning.
eg. Imagine a mouse standing on a metal platform island (surrounded by water.) When an electric shock is administered to the island, the mouse can jump off. This is an ESCAPE behavior.
eg. When the mouse begins to recognize the metal island as even a potential source of electric shocks and begins avoiding it, this is known as an AVOIDANCE behavior.
fear conditioning paradigm
fear acquisition > fear generalization > fear memory consolidation > TIME PASSES and fear not triggered > fear extinction > extinction retention > new memory consolidation (fear not triggered ever) or reconsolidation update (fear is triggered again)
blind vs double blind study
Blind study: participants do not know what experimental group they are a part of; researchers know
Double blind: both participants and researchers do not know who is in what experimental group
Medicalization (behavior)
the taken-for-granted process in which a problem comes to be defined and treated by the social institution of medicine
A behavior undergoes medicalization when both the definition of the problem and the therapy intended to improve it are couched in medical terms.
define the following:
- hawthorne effect
- thomas theorem
The Hawthorne effect describes changes in research participants as a result of their awareness that they are being observed.
The Thomas theorem states that if an individual believes something to be real, then it is real in its consequences.
define the following:
- horizontal mobility
- upward mobility
- downward mobility
Horizontal mobility describes a situation in which an individual changes some aspect of social identity but maintains the same relative status.
Upward mobility refers to an increase—or upward shift—in social class.
Vs. downward mobility indicates a lowering of one’s social class.
