9.7 Structure of Genes and the Human Genome

Question 1

What are the three main categories in the composition of the human genome?

Answer 1

1. genes encoding proteins/structural RNA
2. Repetitive DNA
3. Other non-repetitive DNA

Question 2

beta-globin genes are an example of _________________________ (what category in the composition of the human genome)

Answer 2

duplicated protein coding genes

Question 3

_________ are tandemly repeated structural RNA genes ribosomal RNA genes
another word for simple tandem repeats

Answer 3

satellite DNA

Question 4

blocks of short repeated sequences back to back to back (many repeats) are called:

Answer 4

simple tandem repeats

Question 5

a type of simple tandem repeat is:

Answer 5

short variable repeats

Question 6

______________ contribute to DNA sequencing

Answer 6

short variable repeats

Question 7

larger repeated repeat sequences scattered through genomic DNA are called:

Answer 7

interspersed

Question 8

LINES stand for:

Answer 8

long interspersed repeats

Question 9

SINEs stand for:

Answer 9

short interspersed repeats

Question 10

an example of a SINE (and most abundant) is the ____ __________

Answer 10

Alu element

Question 11

LINEs and SINEs are related to ______ _______, thus they can move in and out of DNA. Most are inactive, but some can move and insert into a gene.

Answer 11

transposable elements

Question 12

in __________, a LINE inserts into the gene coding for Factor 8 (coagulation factor

Answer 12

hemophilia

Question 13

In ________ ______, a triplet region causes a poly-glutamate stretch, causing aggregates of a protein that interferes with brain function. What type of sequence category is this?

Answer 13

Huntingtons disease, short variable repeat (short random repeats)

Question 14

In ________, the nucleotides CGG are repeated around 200 times in a gene. CGG can be methylated and thus, there is decrease in transcription of the gene and no ______ __ is synthesized

Answer 14

Fragile-X syndrome, fragile-X