9.7 Structure of Genes and the Human Genome Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main categories in the composition of the human genome?

A
  1. genes encoding proteins/structural RNA
  2. Repetitive DNA
  3. Other non-repetitive DNA
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2
Q

beta-globin genes are an example of _________________________ (what category in the composition of the human genome)

A

duplicated protein coding genes

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3
Q

_________ are tandemly repeated structural RNA genes ribosomal RNA genes
another word for simple tandem repeats

A

satellite DNA

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4
Q

blocks of short repeated sequences back to back to back (many repeats) are called:

A

simple tandem repeats

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5
Q

a type of simple tandem repeat is:

A

short variable repeats

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6
Q

______________ contribute to DNA sequencing

A

short variable repeats

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7
Q

larger repeated repeat sequences scattered through genomic DNA are called:

A

interspersed

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8
Q

LINES stand for:

A

long interspersed repeats

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9
Q

SINEs stand for:

A

short interspersed repeats

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10
Q

an example of a SINE (and most abundant) is the ____ __________

A

Alu element

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11
Q

LINEs and SINEs are related to ______ _______, thus they can move in and out of DNA. Most are inactive, but some can move and insert into a gene.

A

transposable elements

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12
Q

in __________, a LINE inserts into the gene coding for Factor 8 (coagulation factor

A

hemophilia

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13
Q

In ________ ______, a triplet region causes a poly-glutamate stretch, causing aggregates of a protein that interferes with brain function. What type of sequence category is this?

A

Huntingtons disease, short variable repeat (short random repeats)

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14
Q

In ________, the nucleotides CGG are repeated around 200 times in a gene. CGG can be methylated and thus, there is decrease in transcription of the gene and no ______ __ is synthesized

A

Fragile-X syndrome, fragile-X

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