9.12 Neoplasia 1

Question 1

a new growth that exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue. Usually persists even when stimulus is removed is called ____________.

Answer 1

neoplasia

Question 2

malignant neoplasms

Answer 2

cancer

Question 3

synonym for neoplasm, not necessarily malignant

Answer 3

tumor

Question 4

_______ persists even when the original stimulus leaves

Answer 4

neoplasia

Question 5

neoplasms are composed of two basic tissue types: ___________ and ________ ______

Answer 5

parenchyma

reactive stroma

Question 6

classification of neoplasms are based on ___________ cell type

Answer 6

parenchymal cell type

Question 7

a lot of new collagen formation in response to invasion (in the reactive stroma) is called the ___________ ___________

Answer 7

desmoplastic response

Question 8

more than one parenchymal cell type from more than one germ layer is called a _________

Answer 8

teratoma

Question 9

you attach the suffix “-oma” to ______ neoplasms

Answer 9

benign

Question 10

you attach the suffix “-sarcoma” to what types of neoplasms?

Answer 10

malignant neoplasms of mesenchyme origin

Question 11

you attach the suffix “- carcinoma” to what types of neoplasms?

Answer 11

malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin

Question 12

adenoma

Answer 12

benign neoplasm of glands

Question 13

lipoma

Answer 13

benign neoplasm of fat

Question 14

chromdroma

Answer 14

benign neoplasm of cartilage

Question 15

leiomyoma

Answer 15

benign neoplasm of smooth muscle

Question 16

rhabdomyoma

Answer 16

benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle

Question 17

fibroma

Answer 17

benign neoplasm of fibroblasts

Question 18

malignant neoplasm of mesenchyme origin

Answer 18

sarcoma

Question 19

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

Answer 19

carcinoma

Question 20

lack of differentiation is called ________

Answer 20

anaplasia

Question 21

degree to which neoplastic cells resemble the normal tissue from which they are derived. How close to the neoplastic cells resemble the normal structure of that tissue? (functionally and morphologically)

Answer 21

differentiation

Question 22

name some features of anaplastic cells:

Answer 22

pleomorphism, hyper chromatic nuclei, abnormal mitotic figures, loss of cell polarity, increased N:C ratio, prominent nucleoli, loss of normal structure formation

Question 23

most benign neoplasms are _____ growing and most malignant neoplasms are _____ growing

Answer 23

slow

fast

Question 24

if there is ________, it ALWAYS identifies that neoplasm as malignant

Answer 24

metastasis

Question 25

not all malignancies can metastasize. True or false? Give an example

Answer 25

true, basal cell CA of skin

Question 26

apart from presence of metastasis, ______ _________ is the most reliable feature that distinguishes a benign from malignant tumor

Answer 26

local invasion

Question 27

what are the three ways malignancies can metastasize?

Answer 27

1. body cavity seeding
2. through lymphatics
3. through blood

Question 28

lymphatic spread is characteristic of _________

Answer 28

carcnimoas

Question 29

_____ are penetrated more easily than _______ to get into blood flow

Answer 29

veins

arteries

Question 30

the favored pathway for _______ is hematogenous

Answer 30

sarcomas

Question 31

what is considered the biggest risk factor for cancer?

Answer 31

age

Question 32

retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye that is _________

Answer 32

inhereted

Question 33

the categories of genetic predisposition to

cancer.

Answer 33

1. mutations in tumor suppression genes

2. defective DNA repair

Question 34

what three acquired conditions can increase risk for cancer?

Answer 34

1. chronic inflammation
2. precursor lesions
3. immunodeficient states

Question 35

patients in immunodeficient states are at an increased risk for ______ ______ such as ___ associated lymphomas

Answer 35

oncogenic viruses

EBV

Question 36

why does chronic inflammation increase risk for cancer?

Answer 36

there is compensatory cellular proliferation which increases risks of mutations
inflammatory cells secrete ROS, increasing risk of mutations and damage

Question 37

precursor lesions also increase risk for cancer. what are the 4 types of these?

Answer 37

1. those that go along with chronic inflammation (get metaplasia)
2. non-inflammatory hyperplasias
3. leukoplakia of oral mucosa and genitals
4. benign neoplasms that turn malignant