9.12 Neoplasia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a new growth that exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue. Usually persists even when stimulus is removed is called ____________.

A

neoplasia

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2
Q

malignant neoplasms

A

cancer

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3
Q

synonym for neoplasm, not necessarily malignant

A

tumor

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4
Q

_______ persists even when the original stimulus leaves

A

neoplasia

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5
Q

neoplasms are composed of two basic tissue types: ___________ and ________ ______

A

parenchyma

reactive stroma

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6
Q

classification of neoplasms are based on ___________ cell type

A

parenchymal cell type

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7
Q

a lot of new collagen formation in response to invasion (in the reactive stroma) is called the ___________ ___________

A

desmoplastic response

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8
Q

more than one parenchymal cell type from more than one germ layer is called a _________

A

teratoma

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9
Q

you attach the suffix “-oma” to ______ neoplasms

A

benign

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10
Q

you attach the suffix “-sarcoma” to what types of neoplasms?

A

malignant neoplasms of mesenchyme origin

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11
Q

you attach the suffix “- carcinoma” to what types of neoplasms?

A

malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin

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12
Q

adenoma

A

benign neoplasm of glands

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13
Q

lipoma

A

benign neoplasm of fat

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14
Q

chromdroma

A

benign neoplasm of cartilage

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15
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign neoplasm of smooth muscle

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16
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle

17
Q

fibroma

A

benign neoplasm of fibroblasts

18
Q

malignant neoplasm of mesenchyme origin

A

sarcoma

19
Q

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

A

carcinoma

20
Q

lack of differentiation is called ________

A

anaplasia

21
Q

degree to which neoplastic cells resemble the normal tissue from which they are derived. How close to the neoplastic cells resemble the normal structure of that tissue? (functionally and morphologically)

A

differentiation

22
Q

name some features of anaplastic cells:

A

pleomorphism, hyper chromatic nuclei, abnormal mitotic figures, loss of cell polarity, increased N:C ratio, prominent nucleoli, loss of normal structure formation

23
Q

most benign neoplasms are _____ growing and most malignant neoplasms are _____ growing

A

slow

fast

24
Q

if there is ________, it ALWAYS identifies that neoplasm as malignant

A

metastasis

25
Q

not all malignancies can metastasize. True or false? Give an example

A

true, basal cell CA of skin

26
Q

apart from presence of metastasis, ______ _________ is the most reliable feature that distinguishes a benign from malignant tumor

A

local invasion

27
Q

what are the three ways malignancies can metastasize?

A
  1. body cavity seeding
  2. through lymphatics
  3. through blood
28
Q

lymphatic spread is characteristic of _________

A

carcnimoas

29
Q

_____ are penetrated more easily than _______ to get into blood flow

A

veins

arteries

30
Q

the favored pathway for _______ is hematogenous

A

sarcomas

31
Q

what is considered the biggest risk factor for cancer?

A

age

32
Q

retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye that is _________

A

inhereted

33
Q

the categories of genetic predisposition to

cancer.

A
  1. mutations in tumor suppression genes

2. defective DNA repair

34
Q

what three acquired conditions can increase risk for cancer?

A
  1. chronic inflammation
  2. precursor lesions
  3. immunodeficient states
35
Q

patients in immunodeficient states are at an increased risk for ______ ______ such as ___ associated lymphomas

A

oncogenic viruses

EBV

36
Q

why does chronic inflammation increase risk for cancer?

A

there is compensatory cellular proliferation which increases risks of mutations
inflammatory cells secrete ROS, increasing risk of mutations and damage

37
Q

precursor lesions also increase risk for cancer. what are the 4 types of these?

A
  1. those that go along with chronic inflammation (get metaplasia)
  2. non-inflammatory hyperplasias
  3. leukoplakia of oral mucosa and genitals
  4. benign neoplasms that turn malignant