9.13 Behavioral Science in Medicine 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
in operant conditioning, something that decreases behavior
punishment
what is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
the ratio of behaviors to rewards is fixed. for example, one reward every 12 behaviors.
The feelings that doctors have towards a patient that comes from the doctor’s past experiences (not specifically with that patient). Applying a past schema to this patient.
countertransference
_______ ______ reinforcement schedules are the most resistant to extinction
variable
_______ _______ reinforcement schedules are the easiest to distinguish
fixed-ratio
list three examples of schemas
person schema (about another person) self-schema role schema (medical student, mother, doctor, etc)
in operant conditioning, if something is “positive” it is ________
added
_______ psychology studies how we think, including how we perceive, remember, apply schemas, allocate attention, priming effects
cognitive psychology
fixed interval
when behaviors are not discrete but over time. like studying or coming to work (a cookie after an hour of studying)
putting a toddler in timeout is an example of ________ _______
positive punishment
what is the unit of analysis of psychology?
an individual
The study of psychopathology and its remediation/management, including the use of treatments such as medications.
psychiatry
thinking about how you think is called __________
metacognition
_________ psychology studies the ways people differ in their responses to life situations (introverted, extroverted, level of emotional intelligence, how much they care about what people think of them )
personality psychology
_________________ occurs when a person becomes anxious they might confirm a negative stereotype about their social group, this anxiety may actually cause them to perform “worse” and in effect confirm the stereotype
stereotype threat
what is the unit of analysis of sociology?
a social group
in operant conditioning, something that increases behavior
reinforcer
which discipline of behavioral science? How we think and what we do. And why we do what we do. Behavior and causes
psychology
_________ can be used to move behavior in a particular direction if the desired result will not spontaneously occur (cutting back on smoking a few cigarettes at a time)
shaping
the person/character/mask we present to the world as being. We implicitly ask to be taken to be what we claim to be.
face
the set of all feelings and ideas someone has about a particular thing (including variations and assumptions. All the stuff you know about “x”.
schema
giving something good for doing something good is ____________ _____________
positive reinforcement
refers to the minds propensity to think about something it sees more than something it sees less. Either personal connection or you see the name/thing more often
cognitive accessibility
Uses behavioral methods to influence patient behaviors towards decreasing disease and increasing health.
behavioral medicine and health psychology
occurs when we perform in ways inconsistent with the face we claim, and can occur when we impinge on a patients autonomy
face threat
Study of psychopathology in interactions between people, including couples, extended families, friends, business partners, medical offices.
family therapy
the transferring of a map/schema learned earlier, particularly growing up, to a present situation where it doesn’t fit well. If growing up, someone’s parents are uninterested in their point of view, judgmental, etc., they may transfer that schema to a doctor as an “authority figure”
transference
_________ psychology also studies the principles of psychopathology and overlaps with psychiatry but does not focus on medications, instead on psychotherapy
clinical psychology
________ _________ occurs through reward and punishment, reward for good behavior and punishment for bad. Idea is that if a behavior is followed by something good, it will become more frequent
operant conditioning
o The study of how societies/cultures differ in their functioning.
anthropology
in operant conditioning, if something is “negative”, it is _________
taken away
what can we do as doctors to save face of patients?
support, not correct mistakes, do not be judgmental
acceptance and autonomy
_______ _______ studies how people think in social contexts, including antecedents and consequences. how your feelings in a moment may affect interactions with a patients, to stereotyping a patient
social cognition
The study of psychological factors that influence physical disease.
psychosomatic medicine
unit of analysis in anthropology:
usually a specific culture or subculture
_________ are rigidly applied schemas and the assumptions are acted on without any consideration of the individual person
stereotypes
the desire to have you see me as I think I am. We often expand effort to have people believe something about us that we believe is true, even when it isn’t about being seen positively. what is this called?
self-verification
our professor wants us to see him as knowledgeable, smart, a good teacher, and he will behave in ways that will make that more likely. what is this called?
self-enhancement
you are more likely to prescribe a drug that is on all of your pens and sticky pads and clipboards. what is this called
cognitive accessibility
what is this an example of?
If growing up, someone’s parents are uninterested in their point of view, judgmental, etc., they may use that schema to a doctor as an “authority figure
transference
The desire for people to see you in a positive light and the act of behaving in ways that will make that more likely. When this is overdone, it is called bragging.
self-enhancement
what is a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?
provides an award on AVERAGE every for example, 12 times a behavior is done. Maybe one time after 10, one time after 14.
_______ psychology studies how we act and react in the presence of others. How we perceive social situations, influence one another, patterns in relationships
social psychology
The act of trying to manage the impressions others have of us. For example, there are parts of the past we would keep to ourselves, but others we would mention. All stems from the importance of how people see us.
impression management
________ ______ studies the principles of classical and operant conditioning. How our brains are wired to learn, as well as how they are not wired to learn
learning theory
sometimes self-enhancement may conflict with ____________
self verification
taking away something good (no dessert unless you eat veggies) is an example of __________ __________
negative punishment
which discipline of behavioral science? The study of human communications. Such as: nonverbal communication, persuasion, social support, deception, politeness, conflict management.
communication
o The study of how society functions. Effects of socioeconomic status, race, gender, etc, as well as the organization and functioning of professions, including putting people into roles.
o Important in understanding public behavior.
sociology
a feeling of clash between two cognitions; having cognitions with odds at one another is uncomfortable.
cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance states that people try to resolve dissonance between cognitions by:
changing one or more of their cognitions
