9.12 EBDM Basic Statistics

Question 1

Measure that pertains to the population, almost always unobservable. Characteristic of a population. Describes the entire population

Answer 1

parameter

Question 2

Characteristic of a sample (measure based on a sample). We can use this to estimate a population parameter.

Answer 2

statistic

Question 3

if there is a skew and the peak is to the right and the tail is to the left, it is a _____ skew

Answer 3

left

Question 4

if there is a skew and the peak is to the left and the tail is to the right, it is a _____ skew

Answer 4

right

Question 5

mean, median, and mode are measures of _______

Answer 5

location

Question 6

range, inter-quartile range, variance, standard deviation are measures of ________

Answer 6

dispersion

Question 7

how far the values are away from the mean. A larger _____ means more uncertainty

Answer 7

variance

Question 8

square root of variance is _____

Answer 8

SD

Question 9

repeated measurements give the same/similar results. is this reliability or validity?

Answer 9

reliability

Question 10

when a tool measures what it is supposed to, the “truth” it is ______.

Answer 10

valid

concept of validity

Question 11

what is Intra-rater reliability

Answer 11

measure once by one person, measure again by same person and it is around the same

Question 12

what is inter-rater reliability?

Answer 12

measure once by one person, measure again by another person - same/similar results

Question 13

temporal reproducibility:

Answer 13

measure today, measure tomorrow, same/similar results

Question 14

do reliable results mean the data is valid?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

does a measure have to be reliable to be valid?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

there are two TYPES of measurement: what are they?

Answer 16

categorical and continuous

Question 17

there are four LEVELS of measurement, what are they?

Answer 17

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Question 18

a nominal level of measurement is ________ (categorical or continuous?). What does it measure?

Answer 18

categorical

measures categories that have no order (occupation, gender, eye color, blood type)

Question 19

an ordinal level of measurement is _______ (categorical or continuous?). What does it measure?

Answer 19

categorical

measures categories that have an order/direction (pain - poor, excellent, OK…. size small, medium, large)

Question 20

an interval level of measurement is _______ (categorical or continuous?) what does it measure?

Answer 20

either categorical or continuous

data on a scale with an arbitrary 0 point and quantitative differences between two measurements (temperature, etc)

Question 21

in interval levels of measurement, is a ratio meaningful? is a range?

Answer 21

a ratio is NOT meaningful and a range is.

Question 22

a ratio level of measurement is _________ (categorical or continuous?) what does it measure?

Answer 22

either categorical or continuous.
measures something with a true/absolute zero point where ratio between two is meaningful (blood pressure, weight, cholesterol)

Question 23

what level of measurement would you use for something that you think of as “twice as much, three times as much”

Answer 23

ratio level of measurement

Question 24

on a scatterplot, you can see _______ between two variables

Answer 24

correlation

Question 25

the LINEAR relationship between two variables on a scatterplot is called what?

Answer 25

the correlation coefficient

Question 26

what are the two extremes of the correlation coefficient for a scatterplot?

Answer 26

-1 to 1

Question 27

if there is no significant correlation coefficient for a scatterplot does that mean there is no correlation?

Answer 27

NO, it could be a non-linear correlation

Question 28

___________ is the technique to study if a dependent variable changes with an independent variable

Answer 28

regression

Question 29

linear regression analysis can _______ dependent variable using the independent variable

Answer 29

predict

Question 30

in ____________ analysis, one postulates the statistical model that two variables, X and Y are related by a straight line

Answer 30

linear regression

Question 31

the best fitting line between the points assuming two variables are linearly related

Answer 31

regression line