9.26 Pharmacogenomics Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the relationship between gene variants and drug effects

A

pharmacogenomics

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2
Q

differences in phenotypic differences when taking a drug may be attributed to ______ differences between individuals

A

genotipic

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3
Q

the most common type of variation in differences in genomics contributing to different reactions in drugs are _______________

A

single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

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4
Q

how can SNPs alter responses to drugs?

A

can increase or decrease:

absorption
metabolism
efficacy (through receptor interactions)
secretion

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5
Q

_____________ is a NMJ blocking drug that typically had a rapid onset and short duration.

A

succinylcholine

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6
Q

there are rare prolonged responses to succinylcholine due to _____ that changes an amino acid and results in atypical plasma cholinesterase, which _________ the drug.

A

SNPs

metabolizes

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7
Q

in people with SNPs in the plasma cholinesterase, people are _________ for longer when given ____________

A

paralyzed

succinylcholine

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8
Q

people with favism (get hemolytic anemia when eat fave beans) have a polymorphism in what protein?

A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

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9
Q

people who have _____ polymorphism are vulnerable to drugs that are pro-oxidants (such as primaquine - a malaria drug) and can get ___________ _________ after taking those drugs.

A

G6PD

hemolytic anemia

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10
Q

individuals with _______ are either quick or slow metabolizers for drugs such as codeine. The enzyme also works on beta blockers and anti-hypertension drugs

A

CYP2D6

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11
Q

a mutation in __________ that causes rapid metabolism may induce morphine toxicity in children, since if given ______, that is metabolized to morphine.

A

CYP2D6

codeine

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12
Q

what enzyme is important in metabolizing drugs that are very toxic (such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine?)

A

thiopurine methyltransferase

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13
Q

when given a very toxic drug, polymorphisms in _________________ that make the enzyme deficient or nonfunctional, can have fatal side effects. Is this phase 1 or phase 2 metabolism?

A
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
phase 2 metabolism
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