9.24 Drugs in Foundations ILM Flashcards
prednisone is a type of _________. what is it used for? is it oral or topical?
steroid
pain relief and anti-inflammation
oral
clotrimazole:
class mechanism of action
anti-fungal
inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis
nystatin:
class mechanism of action
anti-fungal
binds ergosterol, forms membrane pores
topical
ketorolac:
class purpose mechanism of action
NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)
NSAIDs are used for 2 things:
pain relief and anti-inflammation
nafcillin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial (antibiotic)
ring that inhibits the cell wall formation in gram + bacteria
imiquimod:
class mechanism of action use
immune response modifier
stimulates innate immune cells via TLR, causing cytokine increase
can treat BCC, actinic keratoses, genital warts topically
terbinafene:
class mechanism of action
anti-fungal
inhibits fungal enzyme for ergosterol syndrome
oral
aspirin:
class purpose mechanism of action
NSAID
pain and inflammation
irreversible COX inhibition
naproxen:
class purpose mechanism of action
NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)
ketoconazole:
class mechanism of action topical or oral?
anti-fungal
inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis
topical
griseofulvin:
class mechanism of action
anti-fungal
interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis
oral
gentamicin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial (antibiotics)
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA translation into protein, binds to 30S ribosomal subunits
Gram -
cefazolin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
inhibits cell wall biosynthesis
gram + bacteria
Steroids are used for 2 things:
pain relief and anti-inflammation
acyclovir:
class mechanism of action
anti-viral
inhibits viral DNA polymerase
indomethacin:
class purpose mechanism of action
NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)
celecoxib:
class purpose mechanism of action
NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
irreversible COX2 inhibition
triamcinolone is a type of ______. What is it used for? is it topical or oral?
steroid.
pain relief and anti-inflammation
topical
tetracycline:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial (antibiotic)
inhibits RNA translation to protein - no protein synthesis
Gram - and gram +
isotretinoin:
class mechanism of action
vitamin A analogue for acne
act at retinoic acid receptor (RAR), slows sebaceous gland proliferation and helps reduce inflammation
dexamethasone is a type of _______. what is the mechanism of action? is it oral or topical?
steroid
increase levels of lipocortin, inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing inflammatory mediators
oral
sulfamethoxazole:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
blocks folic acid synthesis and thus blocks DNA synthesis
gram +
acetaminophen and paracetamol:
class purpose mechanism of action
no classification
pain reliever and antipyretic
mechanism unknown but does have some COX inhibition
tretinoin:
class mechanism of action
vitamin A analogue for acne
act at retinoic acid receptor (RAR), slows sebaceous gland proliferation and helps reduce inflammation
ciproflaxin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
inhibits DNA gyrase (a topoisomerase), inhibiting bacterial cell division
Gram - and gram +
penicillin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial (antibiotic)
inhibits the formation of the gram + bacterial cell wall
gram +
vancomycin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
inhibition of gram + bacterial cell wall synthesis
permethrin:
class mechanism of action use
scabicides
insecticide - acts on arthropod Na+ channels and disrupts nerve and muscle function
topical treatment of scabies and lice
hydrocortisone is a type of ______. what is it used for? os it oral or topical?
steroid
pain relief and anti-inflammation
topical
metronidazole:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
damages DNA, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
what is the mechanism of action of steroids?
increases levels of lipocortin, inhibits PLA2, decreasing inflammatory mediators since arachidonic acid can’t be made. (AA pathway)
ibuprofen is an _______ (class). Why is it used? What is its mechanism of action?
NSAID
pain and inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, COX converts AA to prostaglandins, prostacyclins, etc.)
what is dexamethasone used for?
pain relief and anti-inflammation
dapsone:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial
blocks folic acid synthesis and thus blocks DNA synthesis
amphotericin B:
class mechanism of action
anti-fungal
binds ergosterol, forms membrane pores
oral
clindamycin:
class mechanism of action
antibacterial (antibiotic)
disrupts protein synthesis
what are some side effects of NSAIDS?
GI irritation, GERD, GI ulcers
some cardiovascular dysfunctions (stroke, MI), decreased kidney function
what are some side effects of steroids?
prolonged use can lead to immunosuppression and Cushingoid (central obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis).
Neuropsychiatric events
what medication family could cause the side effect of Cushingoid?
steroids
What are the side effects of isotretinoin?
potential for severe depression and suicide, teratogen, nose bleeds, dry skin, hair loss, GI disturbance, conjunctivitis, reduced night vision.
what are the side effects of tretinoin?
teratogen, dry skin, nosebleeds, hair loss, GI disturbance, conjunctivitis, reduced night vision
